刻板印象:女性创新者在技术创新中的威胁抑或机会?  

Gender Stereotype: The Threat or Opportunity for Female Innovators in Technological Innovation?

作　　者：吴欣桐 陈劲[1,3] 梅亮[1,3] 梁琳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学技术创新研究中心,北京100084 [2]西南石油大学经济管理学院,四川成都610500 [3]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《外国经济与管理》2017年第11期45-60,共16页Foreign Economics & Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(U160120282);国家社会科学基金重点项目(15AZD005)

摘　　要：创新驱动实质上是人才驱动,在激烈的国际竞争中,"惟创新者进、惟创新者强、惟创新者胜"。女性创新者作为技术创新工作中的重要一极,是创新驱动的不竭动力。理论上,刻板印象所构建出的女性预设形象让女性在创新活动中会面临刻板印象威胁。在分析女性创新者身份不一致、匹配度与合法性的丧失、女性创新者能力认知、认可与晋升劣势、技术创新团队氛围等刻板印象溯因的基础上,提出了"女性刻板印象与女性刻板印象威胁之间的非必然性"。技术创新的容错倾向、协同创新、技术创新风险的防御性保障、多身份调节和转换能够干预女性刻板印象威胁,甚至使之成为女性创新者的发展机会和有利条件,从而让晦涩不清的、在迷雾中探索的"女性创新者"进入研究视野。以此从平等、关怀和共同发展的层面上重构有关创新者的理论研究成果并增加创新理论的人文观。As an important pole in the labor market, women play an important role in family, labor market and society. They undertake the important tasks of intellectual contribution, physical contribution and social capital contribution in technological innovation work. Innovation is the first and foremost power to lead development, and is bound to become state will and social mainstream. However, how to trigger innovation and how to make innovation drive social development have become priorities in domestic academic and practical areas. The advancement of social technological innovation is often the result of mutual promotion of basic and applied sciences. Basic sciences include mathematics, physics, life science, medicine, chemistry, information science, and so on, and applied sciences include mechanical and vehicle engineering, energy and mining engineering, chemical engineering, metallurgy and materials engineering, information and electronic engineering, etc.Under the social construction of gender stereotype, female default image has conflicts and inconsistency with exceptional female innovators. Owing to these conflicts and inconsistency, female innovators lack identity legitimacy and role consistency in their innovative careers, leading to identity crisis. This, in turn, is causing recognition bias, cognitive bias, promotion and career risks, and then is shaping the pressure of public opinions inside and outside the innovation team. In this research, the situation is locked in the context of technological innovation, the female innovators are taken as the research object and the stereotype is used as the carrier. By a literature review of identity of consistency, a lack of fitness and legitimacy, backlash, double evaluation bias and the orientation of public opinions within the work, it can help to construct real organizational situation which female innovators face and arouse public attention from female innovators. Thus, it can explore the impact of stereotype on female innovators in this context, and systematical

关 键 词：技术创新 刻板印象 女性创新者 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]