以药救医与民国中医学术的药物转向——以陈存仁编纂的《中国药学大辞典》为中心的考察  

Saving Medicine Through Medicinal Substances and the Materia Medica Turn of Chinese Medicine——Centering on Chen Cunren's Great Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medica

作　　者：芦笛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学科学史高等研究院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第6期91-101,共11页Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：民国时期,中医体系内的中药及相关本土经验知识受到了西医或科学界人士的重视,其主要原因在于它们为人们在科学认识论的驱动下探寻和利用全球有效药物提供了富有价值的材料。作为中医群体中进步人士的陈存仁,也在中西医汇通和科学化的潮流中,努力藉助受到科学界人士关注的中药及相关经验知识重建本土药物学术,拯救遭遇合法性危机的中医。通过对陈存仁的医学思想及其编纂的具有广泛影响的《中国药学大辞典》进行个案考察,可知陈存仁在高度认同中药有效性的基础上,试图拆分"不科学"的中医理论与作为"科学材料"的药物经验知识,同时将后者与有关中药的近代科学知识进行重组,如此既体现了他的科学化主张,又使得其辞典中的内容实际上呈现多元认识论的特点。以此观之,近代科学与中医药知识体系之间并非只有冲突和矛盾,而是存在互补或相互利用的一面,这在一定程度上也保持了中医药知识传承的连续性。During the Republic of China,Chinese medicinal substances and related indigenous empirical knowledge in the Chinese medical system received special attention of Western doctors or scientists,mainly owing to valuable material for scientific explorations and utilization of global effective medicinal substances. Chen Cunren,a progressive figure in the community of Chinese physicians,made an effort to reconstruct Chinese materia medica and saved it in a crisis of legitimacy by means of traditional Chinese medicine and related empirical knowledge recognized by scientists. Through a case study of Chen Cunren and his very influential Great Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medica（1935）,it is clear that Chen Cunren attempted to detach ＂unscientific＂Chinese medical theories from empirical knowledge about medicinal substances as ＂scientific material＂,and then reassembled the latter and modern scientific knowledge about traditional Chinese medicine,reflecting his idea of scientific process,as well as the plural epistemologies in the content of his dictionary. That means apart from conflicts between modern science and Chinese medical systems,complementary interactions and mutual exploitations also exists,which to a certain extent ensures the continuity of Chinese medicine and materia medica.

关 键 词：中药 民国 辞典 陈存仁 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]