社会在何种意义上以时间为尺度?——从乔治·米德社会心理学出发的一个考察  

How does the temporal measure operate in society?:A study of George H. Mead's social psychology

作　　者：孙斌[1] 张艳芬[2] SUN Bin;ZHANG Yan-fen(School of Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;Department of Philosophy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学,上海200433 [2]上海大学,上海200444

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第6期33-40,共8页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：首先,生物进化学说,作为一场试图解释事物的形式如何产生的运动,给出了一种着眼于流动和动作的科学的方法。它说明事物是进化出来被我们所接近的,而社会是复杂的生物学实存物。就此而言,时间的尺度属于行动的、客观的领域。与此同时,心灵的特征是人类动物的反思的智能,它在观念上描绘决定我们现在行为的未来将是什么,因此时间尺度的运作在于行为之中而非思想之中。接下来,时间尺度的运作使社会成为一个其特征为改造的过程,而社会的改造和自我或个性的改造是人类社会进化的过程的两个方面。这个过程指向一个在其中所有人类个体都具有完善社会智能的人类社会。最后,社会在时间尺度上被考虑为现在。我们总是生活在一个现在,现在是由一些过程所组成的一段时流。现在的社会本性产生于它的突现,米德这里指的是突现所涉及的重新调适的过程。Firstly, the doctrine of biological evolution, as a movement which aims to explain how the forms of things may arise, provides a scientific method in view of fluidity and act. It illustrates that things are evolutionary and accessible, and societies are complex biological entities. The temporal measure therefore is in the objective realm of action. At the same time, mind is char- acterized by the reflective intelligence of mankind which describes what the future is to be as determining our present conduct in terms of ideas. So the temporal measure operates in conducts rather than in thoughts. Accordingly, the operation of the temporal measure makes society become a process with the characteristic of reconstruction. And social reconstruction and self / personali- ty reconstruction are the two sides of the process of human social evolution. This process leads to a universal human society in which all human individuals would possess a perfect social intelligence. Finally, society could be considered as the present in the temporal measure. We live always in a present. And the present is a passage constituted by processes. The social nature of the present arises out of its emergence. Here, George Herbert Mead refers to the process of readjustment that emergence involves.

关 键 词：生物进化 心灵 社会 过程 现在 

分 类 号：B712[哲学宗教—外国哲学]