地震灾时个体行为反应模式与影响因素——以芦山地震为例  

Individual's Immediately Behavioral Responses Modes and Influencing Factors in Earthquake——The Case of Lushan Earthquake

作　　者：李华强 范春梅[2] 贾建民[3] LI Huaqiang;FAN Chunmei;JIA Jianmin(School of Public Administration and Law, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China;School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China;The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Business School, Hongkong 999077, China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学公共管理与政法学院,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学经济管理学院,成都610031 [3]香港中文大学工商管理学院,香港999077

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第6期114-120,共7页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目资助(71402150);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目资助(17YJC630056);四川省社会科学重点研究基地西部交通战略与区域发展研究中心资助项目(XJQ007);四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地社会发展与社会风险控制研究中心2017年度项目资助(SR17A02)

摘　　要：研究地震发生时个体的行为反应特征和分类模式,并阐释其影响因素。研究结果发现:灾时第一时间的行为反应有逃跑、躲避、寻求信息、木鸡、利他行为、保护财产和未反应等类型,地震后半小时的行为反应依次为联系家人行为、信息交流行为、采取措施、疏散、寻求归属和未反应。灾时第一时间的行为反应根据可控制程度和激发程度分为四大模式,影响行为反应模式选择的因素包括感知震动强度、感知风险、从众心理、地震经历、反应能力等。建议政府管理者针对不同的行为反应模式,锁定需要重点关注的人群,通过加强灾前教育和演练、完善灾时救援和风险沟通方案,引导公众采取更科学有效的行为反应来降低地震造成的伤害。The characteristics and classification of individuals＇ behavioral responses during earthquakes and the important influencing factors were examined in this paper.The research findings reveal that immediate behavioral responses during earthquakes include escaping,seeking shelter,seeking information,freezing,altruistic behavior,protecting property and having no reaction.Individuals ＇behaviors within half an hour after an earthquake in order are contacting family members,information communication,undertaking actions,evacuation,seeking affiliation and no reaction.Immediate behavioral responses can be divided into four modes based on two dimensions involving the extent of controllability and arousal.The behavioral response modes are influenced by individuals ＇ shock perception,risk perception,conformity,earthquake experience and reaction capacity.In order to effectively cope with earthquake and reduce the damage caused from earthquake,we suggest that government manager should focused on specific group of people that mostly need help based on different behavioral response modes,enhance earthquake education and drills,and improve disaster relief and risk communication system.

关 键 词：地震灾害 灾时行为反应 应急响应 风险感知 

分 类 号：C93[经济管理—管理学]