基于“会能度”分类的网球技术特征及解析  

Characteristics of Tennis Technique Based on “Difficulty Degree” Classification

作　　者：刘亚[1] 姜富生[1] 王玉微 

机构地区：[1]沈阳体育学院体育教育学院,辽宁沈阳110102 [2]沈阳体育学院研究生部,辽宁沈阳110102

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2017年第5期121-127,共7页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科学技术研究项目(SK2014083)

摘　　要：目的:以运动技能"会能度"分类方法为切入点,对网球技术进行会能度分类,同时对网球技术与生活动作的相似度进行运动学解析,探讨网球技术会能度的特征,为体育院校网球技术教学的优化提供参考。方法:以网球技术为研究对象,运用问卷调查法、运动录像影片解析法、数理统计法等研究方法,基于"会能度"分类方法对网球技术难易度进行测评,通过对网球技术与日常生活动作的运动学解析,探讨两者之间的关系并进行分析。结果:1)教学中的12项网球技术分成"会与不会有明显区别"的技术和"中间型"技术。调查发现没有"会与不会没有明显区别"的技术,说明网球运动是一项需要学习才能够会的运动项目;2)运用运动录像影片解析法和肌电图数字化分析法,对正手击上旋球与生活中"打水漂"动作、双手反手击平击球与手持水盆"泼水"动作、平击发球与向高空抛网球进行同步测试,可知网球技术较生活动作会能度复杂,主要是由运动元素较多决定的。结论:网球技术基于会能度分类可分为3类,影响会能度特征的因素来自于动作元素。Objects：This research takes classification approaches of motor skills ＂difficulty degree＂ as the entry point, and discusses the types of ＂difficulty degree＂ of tennis skills, and analyzes the similarity between tennis technique and life action, probes into the characteristics of ＂difficulty degree＂ of tennis skills, so as to afford reference to the optimalization of tennis skills teaching in sport universities. Methods：Using research methods like questionnaire survey, sports video analysis, digital analysis of electromyography, mathematical statistics and so on, the study discusses the ＂difficulty degree＂ of tennis skills through analyzing the questionnaire and analyzing the tennis technique and its closest ADL kinesiology, EMG characteristic to evaluate the difficulty level of tennis technique based on ＂difficulty degree＂ analysis. Results： 1. To classify the 12 tennis techniques in teaching by motor skill ＂difficulty degree＂ into ＂distinctive difference between capability and incapability type＂ and ＂intermediate type＂, no ＂fine distinction between capability and incapability type＂ according to the survey, which tells us that tennis technique is a kind of sports that we need to learn hard. 2. Through testing forehand top- spin and motion to skip stones in daily life（ water drift for short） ,flat two-handed backhand hit the ball and the position of holding the basin to splash water out, flat service and high toss by sports video analysis and digital analysis of electromyo- graphy methods, the authors find that the tennis technique is more complex than the life action, which is mainly reflected in the movement elements. Conclusions： The tennis technique is divided into three categories based on the classification of the degree of ability. The factors that influence the characteristics of the difficulty degree are the factors of the action elements.

关 键 词：会能度 网球 技术教学 

分 类 号：G845[文化科学—体育训练]