新护士一年内工作压力的纵向研究  

Occupational stress among new graduate nurses during the first year of transition:a longitudinal study

作　　者：张媛媛 章雅青[1] 钱萍 陈兰[3] 肖松梅 王静 吴觉敏[1] 温弗乐 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学护理学院,200025 [2]仁济医院护理部 [3]上海市第一人民医院护理部 [4]东方医院护理部 [5]杨浦区中心医院护理部

出　　处：《中国护理管理》2017年第11期1517-1521,共5页Chinese Nursing Management

基　　金：上海市护理学会科研基金项目(2014M5-B04);上海市教委护理高原学科项目(Hlgy1601gj);上海市教委护理高原学科“研究生创新基金”(Hlgy17004yjs)

摘　　要：目的:分析新护士一年内工作压力的纵向变化,为新护士阶段性、个性化压力管理提供依据。方法:采用纵向研究,于2014-2015年对284名新护士进行4次跟踪问卷调查。结果:新护士一年内工作压力均分为(2.63±0.10),4个月时最高(2.75±0.68),不同阶段得分均有差异(P<0.05)。急救护理均分最高(3.17±0.11),4个月时达峰值(3.29±0.85);常规护理在刚入职时得分最高(2.90±0.84);领导与管理得分4个月时最高(2.68±0.85);人际关系分值8个月时最高(2.41±0.81)。结论:新护士一年内工作压力变化不一;护理管理者应积极识别影响因素,因时、因人而异地关注新护士一年内工作压力,帮助顺利应对转变。Objective： To explore new graduate nurses＇ changes of occupational stress and to identify factors that impact on their transition to the workforce. Methods： This study applied a longitudinal design with four follow-ups survey during 2014 and 2015. Results： The mean score of occupational stress was 2.63±0.10, and reached highest in the fourth month （2.75±0.68）. The four domains and total score varied significantly during the first year （P〈0.05）. Tasks in critical care was the strongest stressor and reached highest in the fourth month after employment （3.29±0.85）; tasks in general care got highest in the very beginning （2.90±0.84）; leadership and management reached highest in the fourth month （2.68±0.85） and interpersonal relationships got highest score in the eighth month （2.41±0.81）. Occupational stress was significantly correlated with residence, education background, rotation and work independently in day shift （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Occupational stress of new graduate nurses changed with time in the first year of employment. Nursing managers need to identify impact factors of different stages, provide appropriate orientation for new graduate nurses to adapt to their work environment.

关 键 词：新护士 工作压力 纵向研究 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]