自由体操直体后空翻转体1080°接直体后空翻转体540°落地生物力学分析  

A Biomechanical Analysis of Back Somersault with 3 Twists and 3/2 Twists to Landing in Floor Exercise

作　　者：肖晓飞 郝卫亚[2] 

机构地区：[1]滨州医学院,山东烟台264003 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2017年第6期109-114,共6页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"体操运动员落地时踝关节损伤生物力学机制的实验与计算机仿真研究"(11672080);山东省高等学校科技计划项目"体操落地踝内翻损伤生物力学机制研究"(J17KB079);滨州医学院科技计划项目"自由操落地冲击动力学研究"(BY2016KYQD12)

摘　　要：新的体操规则鼓励高难度与高质量的动作,尤其是成串动作。采用三维录像解析法采集比赛中男子自由体操直体后空翻转体1 080°接直体后空翻转体540°动作的运动学数据,然后用建模仿真的方法重现实际动作,综合分析落地时关键的运动学和动力学特征。结果发现,运动员成功完成了串连接动作,并落地站稳:第1次落地身体姿态角度比较理想,有助于快速制动以及2次起跳,膝髋关节肌群成为对抗落地冲击力的主体;此外,落地后身体仍在旋转,导致两侧下肢负荷存在较大差异,使得损伤风险较高;第2次落地,尽管身体姿态角偏低,不利于平稳落地,但运动员控制能力较强,通过较大的膝关节屈曲保持身体平衡,成功站稳。Both high difficulty and high quality movements, especially series of such movements are encouraged by the new gymnastics rules. This present paper collected by means of 3D video analysis kinematic data of back somersault with three twists and 3/2 twists in competitions, and then reproduced the actual movements through modelling simulation for an analysis of the key kinematic and kinetic features of landing. The results showed the athletes successfully completed the series of actions and landed steadily. An excellent body posture angle during the first landing contributed to a quick brake and take - off. Muscles of knee and hip joint were the played a major role in resisting the impact force. In addition, body rotation continued after landing. As a result, loading on the two lower limbs was significantly different, and this may pose a high injury risk. During the second land- ing, the body posture angle was smaller, but it was not conducive to landing stability. The athletes had excellent control ability and maintained balance with greater knee flexion and thus kept standing successfully.

关 键 词：自由体操 直体后空翻转体1080°接直体后空翻转体540° 落地 运动学 动力学 建模仿真 

分 类 号：G832.1[文化科学—体育训练]