晚清的官话音系及其性质  

The Phonology of Mandarin in Late Qing (清) Dynasty and Its Basic Dialect

作　　者：戴黎刚 

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学人文学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2017年第4期28-41,共14页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目(11YJC740017)资助成果

摘　　要：本文先归纳《英华韵府历阶》(1844)的音系,并与《官话新约全书》(1888)和《详解汉英字典》(1900)的音系比较。我们发现三者高度一致,从而得出当时官话的标准音。然后,我们将其与早期南京话相比,发现当时官话曾摄、梗摄、宕摄的韵尾与南京话完全不同,可见南京话不是明清官话本身或者官话的基础方言。我们认为,当时中原汉语口语入声已经消失,而南京话仍然保留入声,因此南京话和有入声的官话更接近,从而使明清人误解南京话是官话。最后,本文全面阐述了明清时期汉语的语言生活。Firstly, by comparing the phonologies in An English and Chinese Vocabulary in the Court Dialect, The New Testament in Mandarin and An Analytical Chinese English Dictionary, we find that they are highly similar to each other. And thus infers the standard pronunciation of late Qing Dynasty. Then we compare it with early Nan King mandarin, and find they are different completely in the end rhymes of Zengshe( 曾摄), Gengshe(梗摄)and Dangshe( 宕摄). So we conclude that Nanking mandarin is not the mandarin itself or the basic dialect of Ming and Qing dynasty. It is a popular misunderstanding to take Nanking mandarin as mandarin of people in Ming and Qing dynasty, because entering tone( 入声) has disappeared in Central China since Yuan(元) dynasty while it persists in Nanking mandarin as yet. So Nanking mandarin is more similar to mandarin than other dialects. At last, this paper tries to describe the language situation of Ming and Qing dynasty in china.

关 键 词：官话 标准音 基础方言 语言生活 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]