商业银行股东加重责任及其制度建构  

Increased Obligations of Commercial Bank Shareholders:Institutional Construction

作　　者：杨松[1] 宋怡林[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学法学院,教授沈阳110136 [2]辽宁科技大学经济与法律学院,教授鞍山114051

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2017年第11期53-74,共22页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目"加快发展民营金融机构的法律保障研究"(13JZD012);辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目"辽宁民营金融机构危机处置法律制度构建研究"(L13DFX023)成果之一

摘　　要：金融实践中民营银行股东自担银行剩余风险,是商业银行股东加重责任的体现。商业银行股东加重责任,是商业银行股东超越传统有限责任边界而承担的法律义务,但并不意味着无限责任,而是银行公司股东有限责任的特例,是对商行为主体加重义务的特定化。赋予商业银行股东加重责任,是银行公司克服固有道德风险、实现自我救助的内在要求,也是维护国家金融安全的一项制度保障。现有立法对银行股东加重责任的规定效力层级较低,可在商业银行法、公司法修改中予以关注,实现金融类公司特别法对一般公司法基本制度的补充和修正。商业银行股东加重责任制度的总体构造思路,可遵循条件、实施和后果的基本构造,重点规定主体制度、义务内容、监管与司法审查等制度内容。The fact that in financial practice the commercial banks'shareholders stake on residual bank risk themselves is a sign of their increased obligations.These statutory obligations go further than traditional limitations,but this does not mean that they are unlimited;rather,they represent a special case of the limited obligations of such shareholders and the specialized nature of the increased obligations of actors in the commercial sector.The increase in such obligations is an internal requirement for banks' conquest of inherent moral hazards and their self-redemption,as well as an institutional guarantee of national financial security.Existing legislative provisions in this area have weak efficacy,and both commercial banking law and company law can be amended to allow for the supplementation and amendment of the basic general system of company law through special laws relating to financial companies.Overall thinking behind the structuring of the increased obligations of commercial banking shareholders can follow the basic structure of conditions,implementation and results,with a focus on determination of such institutional content as agents,obligations,supervision and judicial review.

关 键 词：商业银行 股东自担剩余风险加重责任 有限责任 金融安全 

分 类 号：F832.33[经济管理—金融学]