贵州独山锑矿区土壤-头花蓼系统中重金属的分布特征  

Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil-Polygonum capitatum system at Dushan antimony deposit,Guizhou Province

作　　者：王丽 杨爱江[2,3] 邓秋静 胡霞[1,2] 薛洪其[1] 陈蔚洁 李聪 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学环境工程规划设计研究所,贵阳550025 [3]贵州大学科技园发展有限公司,贵阳550025

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第12期3545-3552,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：贵州省矿山环境污染过程与控制特色重点实验室(黔教合KY字[2015]330号);贵州省普通高等学校喀斯特环境生态工程研究中心(黔教合KY字[2016]011号)资助

摘　　要：通过野外调查采样,分析贵州独山锑矿区土壤6种重金属(Sb、As、Cd、Zn、Pb、Mn)含量及其在头花蓼不同部位的分布特征。结果表明:矿区土壤Sb、As、Cd、Zn、Pb和Mn的平均含量分别为1566.55、23.98、1.21、117.81、34.27和460.98 mg·kg-1,Sb、As、Cd、Zn含量分别为贵州省土壤背景值的699.35、1.20、4.88和1.18倍,且土壤中Sb与As呈显著正相关性(P<0.05),具有同源性。内梅罗综合污染指数法评价表明,矿区土壤重金属污染指数为112.75~1295.22(平均500.37),为重度污染水平。头花蓼在锑矿区污染土壤中具有较强的耐受性,且Sb、Mn在头花蓼各部位的含量分布分别为根>叶>茎>花、叶>花>根>茎,As、Cd、Zn、Pb无明显规律。矿区头花蓼各部位的As、Cd、Pb含量均未超过《中医药-中草药重金属限量》国际标准值,但该矿区头花蓼中的Sb对人体的健康存在一定健康风险。The contents and distribution characteristics of six heavy metals （Sb, As, Cd, Zn, Pb, Mn） were investigated by sampling soil and different parts of Polygonum capitatum from Dushan antimony deposit in Guizhou. The results showed that the contents of Sb, As, Cd, Zn, Pb and Mn in soil samples were 1566.55, 23.98, 1.21, 117.81, 34.27 and 460.98 mg·kg-1, respectively. The contents of Sb, As, Cd and Zn were 699.35, 1.20, 4.88 and 1.18 times higher than the soil background values in Guizhou, respectively. In addition, the correlation between Sb and As in soil was significant （P〈0.05）, showing a homologous pattern. The evaluation using Nemerow comprehensive index showed that the pollution index of soil heavy metals in this area ranged from 112.75 to 1295.22, with an average of 500.37, indicating the serious pollution. Besides, P. capitatum showed good growth and tolerance in the soils contaminated by antimony mining. The Sb and Mn contents in P. capitatum were in order of root 〉 leaf 〉 stalk 〉 flower and leaf 〉 flower 〉 root 〉 stalk, respectively, but As, Cd, Zn and Pb exhibited no obvious pattern. Although As, Cd, Pb contents in P. capitatum were lower than the maximum limits of heavy metals in natural materials of Traditional Chinese Medicine （ISO 18664）, Sb in Polygonum capitatum may be harmful to human health.

关 键 词：锑矿区 重金属 土壤 头花蓼 贵州独山 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53