硝普纳对干旱、复水循环状态下不同马铃薯品种光合特性的影响  

The Influence of Sodium Nitroprusside on Photosynthetic Characteristics Under Cycles of Dehydration and Rehydration in Different Potato Cultivars

作　　者：张倩倩[1] 贾慧[1] 贺学勤[1] 蒙美莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《核农学报》2017年第11期2221-2228,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金(CARS-10-P17);内蒙古农业大学博士启动基金(BJ04-46)

摘　　要：为明确硝普纳(SN)喷施对不同水分状态下马铃薯品种光合特性的影响,本试验采用0.01mmol·L^(-1)的SN溶液喷施现蕾期的马铃薯品种大西洋和底西瑞植株,然后进行控水、复水循环处理,测定光合指标的变化。结果表明,未喷施SN的大西洋和底西瑞叶片中脱落酸(ABA)含量均表现为干旱升高、复水降低,气孔导度、水分蒸发速率及光合速率则表现为干旱降低、复水升高。喷施SN提高了大西洋植株在整个处理阶段叶片的ABA含量、光合速率及干旱状态下叶片的叶绿素含量(SPAD)值,降低了水分蒸发速率和干旱状态下的气孔导度;SN喷施提高了底西瑞植株在整个处理阶段叶片的SPAD值、光合速率,降低了叶片的气孔导度、水分蒸发速率。喷施SN底西瑞和大西洋单株产量分别提高了24.79%和3.75%。进一步分析表明,底西瑞和大西洋植株的光合速率与水分蒸腾速率均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9273和0.8183。由此可知,喷施SN可促进马铃薯不同水分状态下叶片气孔关闭,降低叶片水分蒸发速率,对光合速率和单株块茎产量有提高作用。本研究为明确SN在马铃薯光合特性上的调控机理提供了理论依据,对马铃薯加工品种的抗旱栽培具有实践指导意义。The aim of this study was to illustrate effect of sodium nitroprusside （SN） on photosynthetic characteristics under different water states in different potato varieties. After potato cuhivars of Atlantic and Desiree sprayed 0.01 mmol . L-1 SN during the budding period, the cycles of dehydration and rehydration were treated and the indexes related to photosynthesis were analyzed. The results showed that ABA contents without SN increased under dehydration and decreased under rehydration, but stomatal conductance, evaporation rates and photosynthetic rates were opposite in leaves of potatoes. With sodium nitroprusside treatment in cv. Atlantic, ABA contents, photosynthetic rates and SPAD values of leaves under drought conditions increased, evaporation rates and stomatal conductance under drought conditions decreased during whole treatments With sodium nitroprusside treatment in Desiree, SPADs and photosynthetic rates increased, but stomatal conductance and evaporation rates decreased during whole treatments. Spraying sodium nitroprusside increased the yield per plant of Desiree and cv. Atlantic, which was increased by 24.79% and 3.75% , respectively. Further analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between photosynthetic rate and water transpiration rate in Desiree and cv. Atlantic, and the correlation coefficients were 0. 9273 and 0. 8183, respectively. It can be seen that nitroprusside can promote the stomatal closure of leaves under different water conditions, and reduce the evaporation rate of leaves, which can improve the photosynthetic rate and yield per plant. In this study, it is theoretically helpful to clarify the regulation mechanism of nitroprusside in photosynthetic characteristics, and it also can be used in drought - resistant cultivation of potato processing varieties.

关 键 词：马铃薯 硝普钠 干旱复水 气孔 光合速率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]