小麦胚乳充实与颖果运输组织的解剖学研究  

Anatomical study on filling of wheat endosperm and development of transfer tissues in caryopsis

作　　者：王兵 陈昕钰 徐德利 李国权 许光辉 王礼焦 李筠 董召娣 余徐润[2] 熊飞[2] 

机构地区：[1]连云港市农作物技术指导站,江苏连云港222000 [2]扬州大学生物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009 [3]连云港市农业委员会,江苏连云港222000

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第12期841-848,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31571573;31701351);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2016]128);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2017]089)

摘　　要：[目的]探明小麦胚乳物质充实状况与颖果养分运输组织在结构发育方面的关系。[方法]以连云港地区的主推品种连麦8号、连麦7号和山农20为材料,精确标记颖花的开花时间,运用树脂切片和显微技术研究了小麦胚乳物质充实与维管束和传递细胞等养分运输组织发育的结构特征。[结果]在颖果发育过程中,连麦8号的千粒重日增加量最多,充实最快,其次是连麦7号,山农20最慢;3个品种相比,连麦8号胚乳淀粉体和蛋白体结合最紧密,淀粉体和蛋白体充实度最高,连麦7号次之,山农20最低。连麦8号颖果维管束最发达,传递细胞分化最早,养分运输能力最强。[结论]连麦8号养分运输组织发育好,有利于灌浆物质的输入,导致胚乳细胞淀粉和蛋白积累增多,这可能是连麦8号胚乳物质充实好的结构基础。[Objective]To clarify the structural relationship between wheat endosperm filling and caryopsis nutrient transfer tissues development.[Methods]Three main wheat cultivars in Lianyungang（Lianmai 8,Lianmai 7 and Shannong 20）were selected as materials and anthesis dates were labeled during the growth of wheat.Endosperm substance filling and structural characteristics of caryopsis nutrients transfer tissues were investigated by using resin slicing and microscopic observation technology.[Results]During the development of caryopsis,the increased weight of Lianmai 8 caryopses per day was the highest and its filling rate was the fastest followed by Lianmai 7 and Shannong 20.Among three wheat cultivars,starch granules and protein bodies were closely integrated in Lianmai 8 endosperm whose filling degree was the highest followed by Lianmai 7 and Shannong 20.Moreover,the nutrient transfer tissues development of Lianmai 8 was better than that of the other two wheat cultivars.Its vascular bundles were the strongest and transfer cells differentiated earliest,Resulting in strongest nutrient transport ability.[Conclusion]Nutrient transfer tissues of Lianmai 8 was well developed,which was beneficial to the input of grouting substance,leading to enhancement of starch and protein accumulation in endosperm.This may be the structural basis for better endosperm substance filling of Lianmai 8.

关 键 词：小麦胚乳 物质充实 养分运输组织 显微结构 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]