喷施尿素对渭北红富士苹果叶片营养与果实香气和品质的影响  

Effect of foliar-applied nitrogen on 'Fuji' apple leaf nutrition and aroma compounds and fruit quality

作　　者：李爱梅[1] 张超[2] 李本晟 张玲[1] 赵永桂[1] 韩明玉[3] 张立新[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年第5期169-174,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：陕西省水利科技计划项目(2015slkj-12);农业部公益性行业科研专项(201303104);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2015KTCL02-27)

摘　　要：为改善渭北红富士苹果叶片营养状况及果实品质,以长富2号苹果为材料,通过叶面喷施不同浓度(0.2%、0.5%、0.8%)尿素,研究不同处理对红富士苹果叶片营养、果实香气成分以及果实品质的影响。结果表明,从幼果期到果实膨大后期,叶片氮含量呈先降低后升高趋势,磷和钾含量呈先升高后降低趋势,喷施尿素均提高叶片营养水平,其中以N2(喷施0.5%尿素)处理叶片整体营养水平较好,叶片氮、磷、钾的平均含量分别较对照(N0)提高15.68%、10.37%、5.6%。喷施尿素均不同程度增加了果实香气含量,其中壬醛、乙酸乙酯、乙酸戊酯在喷施尿素之后出现,总体以N2处理为最高,其香气成分总量较N0处理提高了22.29%。N2和N3处理分别显著提高了果实氨基酸、可滴定酸,但对果实可溶性糖、维生素C无显著影响。综合分析表明,喷施0.5%尿素能够有效增加苹果树叶片营养、提高果实香气与品质。In order to improve the leaf nutrition levels and fru it quality of apple, Fuji apple was selected to be the experimental material in the experiment. The effects of different nitrogen levels on the dynamic change of the leaves ^ nu-trients, aroma compounds and quality of Fuji apple were studied by spraying urea in five times of interval with different levels （ 0.2%, 0.5% and 0.8%） from May to September. The results showed that, from young fru it to later expanding period, the content of nitrogen （N） in leaves decreased f irs t, then increased, and finally reached an optimum; phospho-rus （P） and potassium （K） content increased at f irs t, then decreased, and finally reached a stable level. The content of N, P and K was improved by foliar-applied urea. N, P and K average content under N2 treatment was 15.68%, 10.37% and 5.6% higher than the control, respectively. Aroma content of apple was increased to a high extent by spraying urea, the nonanal, ethyl acetate and butanoic acid-pentyl ester were appeared after spraying urea, and treatment N2 had best effect,the total amount of aroma components of the treatment N2 increased by 22.29% compared with con-trol （NO） .The treatment N2 and N3 significantly enhanced amino acids and titratable acidity, but had no significant ef-fect on soluble sugar and vitamin C. Comprehensive analysis showed that spraying 0.5% urea （N2） could effectively in-crease the apple leaf nutrients, improve fru it aroma and quality.

关 键 词：叶面喷氮 红富士苹果 叶片营养 果实香气 果实品质 

分 类 号：S143.14[农业科学—肥料学]