论环境民事公益诉讼目的及其解释适用——以“常州毒地”公益诉讼案一审判决为切入点  

On the purpose of environmental civil public interest litigation and the interpretation application

作　　者：徐以祥[1] 周骁然[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年第12期97-105,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"我国环保产业发展的制度困境与法律对策研究"(批准号:16BFX147);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"生态环境损害责任追究制度研究"(批准号:15JJD820007);重庆市研究生科研创新项目"环境公众监督权诉讼保障制度研究"(批准号:CYB16079)

摘　　要：随着生态环境压力的不断增长,环境民事公益诉讼已经成环境公共利益救济体系中不可或缺的组成部分。环境民事公益诉讼目的是实施环境民事公益诉讼活动、正确解释适用法律的指引,准确把握其目的是人民法院做出公正判决的根本保障。"常州毒地"一审判决所暴露出的问题,反映了一审对环境民事公益诉讼目的把握的偏差。环境民事公益诉讼是在环境公益诉讼二分结构下,对环境公共利益进行司法救济的具体制度形态,其在整体环境公共利益救济体系中的地位及其对环境公共利益损害的救济方式,体现了环境民事公益诉讼的双重目的——第一重目的:消除环境公共利益损害;第二重目的:公平合理地配置因环境公共利益损害而产生的成本,双重目的之间密切相关、相互依存、缺一不可。为保证在未来环境民事公益诉讼案件中,法律解释适用的准确适当,须以环境公益诉讼二分论为逻辑起点;分别从环境民事公益诉讼制度定位的外部视角和环境民事公益诉讼救济手段的内部视角,厘定环境民事公益诉讼目的;并最终阐释其对案件裁判中法律解释适用的影响,借助目的解释方法,根据环境民事公益诉讼救济环境公共利益的不同环节。以有效性为视角,构建具体的解释适用规则:第一,在评估损害状况环节以科学性为解释标准;第二,在确定救济方案环节以契合性和合理性为解释标准;第三,实施救济行为环节中以及时性为解释标准;第四,在核算损害成本环节以价值合理性为解释标准:第五,在配置损害成本环节以公平性为解释标准。With the increasing pressure of the ecological emironment, environment public interest litigation has become and indispensable component of the environment publie interest relief system. Environmental civil public interest litigation is instituted for the purpose of implementation of environmental civil public interest litigation activities and provision of guidelines for proper interpretation of applicable laws,while to properly fulfill such purpose is the fundamental guarantee for the people's court in concluding a just judgment. Problems in connection with the judgment concluded by the first instance on ‘Changzhou Contaminated Land 'indicated that court of the first instance has no sufficient knowledge concerning the purpose of environmental civil public interest litigation. Environmental civil public interest litigation is covered by the dual structure of such litigation and serves as a specific system pattern of judicial relief specific to environmental public interest,which mirrors the dual purposes in respect to environmental public interest litigation through its status in the entire relief system of environmental public interest litigation and relief against damage to environmental public interest: the first purpose is to eliminate damage to environmental public interest; the second purpose is to allocate costs arising out of damage on environmental public interest in a fair and reasonable manner. The dual purposes are closely correlated,interdependent and indispensable. To guarantee that interpretation of applicable laws can be accurate and proper for the future cases,it is necessary to take the following two perspectives for the environmental public interest litigation as the basically logical approaches: from the external perspective defined by the environmental civil litigation system and the internal perspective of the relief approach to environmental civil litigation,this paper clarifies the purpose of civil public interest litigation; it ultimately explains the impact of such purpose on applicat

关 键 词：环境民事公益诉讼 诉讼目的 目的解释方法 有效性标准 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]