大型海藻干燥技术研究进展  

Research advancements on drying techniques for macroalgaes

作　　者：江涛[1] 黄一心[1] 欧阳杰[1] 朱烨[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所农业部渔业装备与工程重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2017年第6期80-88,共9页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-50);中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所基本科研业务费专项课题(2017YJS0017)

摘　　要：干燥是海藻储存、加工、生产的重要方法之一,不同的干燥方式对海藻脱水效率、能耗和品质影响很大。本文对藻类传统干燥和新型干燥技术的特点、研究及应用现状进行了分析。研究表明,太阳能干燥技术能够充分做到干燥过程中绿色、环保,与空气热泵构成组合干燥模式,可解决太阳能不连续的问题;过热蒸汽干燥效率高、能耗低,藻类干燥后复水性好;真空冷冻干燥产品品质好,能最大限度保持藻类的营养和功能性成分;远红外加热技术对海带进行干燥,与同风速的热风干燥相比,可显著缩短干燥时间,降低能耗;微波真空干燥技术干燥江蓠,在保持品质的基础上干燥时间较热风干燥减少70%。本文同时对藻类干燥技术与设备存在的问题进行了总结,对国内藻类干燥技术及装备的发展趋势进行了展望并提出了措施与建议。Drying is one of the important methods of storage,processing and production of algaes. Different drying methods have great influences on dehydration efficiency,energy consumption and quality of algaes. This paper analyzes the characteristics,research and applications between using the traditional drying technique and new drying technique for algaes. Researches showed solar-energy drying technique can fully realize the green and environmental protection,an solve the problem of solar energy discontinuity when working together air-source heat pumps; superheated steam-drying products are of high efficiency,low energy consumption,having good rehydration of algaes after drying; vacuum freeze-drying products are of high quality and can maintain the nutrition and functional components of algaes; the far-infrared heating technique is used to dry kelps,compared with the hot air drying,can shorten the drying time and reduce the energy consumption; for drying gracilaria with microwave vacuum drying technique,drying time decreased by 70% than that of air drying. Finally,in this paper,the problems existed in the algae drying techniques and equipment are summarized,the development trends of domestic algae drying techniques and equipment are discussed,and measures and suggestions are put forward.

关 键 词：干燥技术 海藻 微波干燥 太阳能干燥 过热蒸汽干燥 

分 类 号：TH36[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]