俄罗斯20世纪初“立宪法”“开议会”的历史考察  

The Historical Review of Russia's Constitutionalism and Convene Parliament in the Early 20th Century

作　　者：尤晓红[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学法学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2017年第6期101-117,共17页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金：作者主持的国家社会科学基金青年项目"俄罗斯社会历史转型期的宪法制度研究"(10CFX039)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在19世纪末20世纪初的俄罗斯,与经济急剧发展形成对照的是政治改革的迟滞。俄罗斯社会对沙皇专制制度的不满日益强烈,导致反对君主专制的1905年革命爆发。沙皇被迫发布"十月十七日宣言",向社会表明"行宪"意愿,制定了1906年根本法,它是俄罗斯历史上第一部宪法,然而确立的是对君权限制较弱的二元君主立宪制;同时召开了第一届国家杜马,自由主义者组成的立宪民主党是其核心,因政治主张激进仅存几十天就被沙皇解散。"立宪法"、"开议会"无疑推动了俄罗斯政治民主化的进程,但与西欧相比,俄罗斯的君主专制根深蒂固,缺乏孕育民主的合适土壤,这决定了俄罗斯实现政治民主化仍将任重道远。The rapid economic development sharply contrasted with a laggard political reform in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.Increasing dissatisfaction with the tsarist autocracy resulted in the 1905 revolution.Tsar was forced to release Manifesto of October 17 and declared that he intended to draft a constitution.The Fundamental Law came out in 1906.It was the first constitution in Russian history.According to the law dual constitutional monarchy with weaker monarch was established and the first Duma was held,in which Kadets wewe in majority.Publishing Constitution and convening Duma undoubtedly promoted the process of the Russian political democratization.Compared to Western Europe,however,Russia has a deep-seated absolute monarchy while lacking good soil for democracy.Russia has long way to go in political democratization.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 君主专制 1905年革命 二元君主立宪制 国家 杜马 

分 类 号：D751.2[政治法律—政治学]