任务规律性对前瞻记忆的影响  

The Effect of Task Regularity on Prospective Memory

作　　者：郭云飞[1] 辛聪 干加裙 陈幼贞[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学教育学院,福州350117

出　　处：《心理科学》2017年第6期1309-1315,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划基金项目"学业不良儿童前瞻记忆的特点;机制与干预"(12YJA190002)的资助

摘　　要：采用混合实验设计,结合行为和眼动数据,探讨任务规律性对前瞻记忆的影响。行为结果显示规律已知条件下前瞻记忆成绩显著高于规律未知和无规律条件,规律未知条件下的前瞻记忆成绩在靶线索之后刺激上有高于无规律条件的趋势;眼动结果显示规律已知条件下的注视点最多,首次注视时间最长。结果说明:(1)任务规律性对前瞻记忆成绩具有促进作用;(2)任务规律性促进了对前瞻记忆任务的自动化加工;(3)在规律已知条件下前瞻记忆的加工过程呈现出动态交替的特点。Prospective memory represents the ability of remembering to carry out an intended action in the future. In a typical prospective memory experiment, participants are required to engage in two tasks： the ongoing task and prospective task. According to the nature of the prospective memory cues, there are two types of prospective memory： time-based （TBPM） and event-based prospective memory （EBPM）.There are two kinds of processes that can support prospective memory： preparatory attentional processes and memory processes theory （PAM） and multiple processes theory. The PAM assumes that prospective memory retrieval requires resource-demanding preparatory attentional processes, whereas the multiple process theory assumes that retrieval can also occur spontaneously; But according to the regularity of prospective memory, there are also two types of prospective memory： regular prospective memory and irregular prospective memory. Lots of researchers had indicated that regular prospective memory could effectively improve prospective memory results. But those studies did not rule out the possibility of practice effects. Therefore, in the case of the possibility of practice effects, we explored the effect and mechanism of regular prospective memory. Some researchers argued that the knowability of execution situation may affect prospective memory. Therefore, we separated regular prospective memory into two conditions： one was that we knew the regularities, the other was the complete opposite. Our aim was to detailedly and deeply explore the effect and mechanism of regular prospective memory. In addition, we employed a new eyetracking paradigm to concretely investigate the impact of regular environmental cues within a visual prospective memory task. Experiments were programmed by Experiment Bulider. The present study adopted a single factor design. A total of 53 college students （18 no regularity, 17 unknown regularity, 18 known regularity） participated the experiment. Participants were asked to respond b

关 键 词：前瞻记忆 规律性 执行情境 眼动 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]