南海区2种桁杆虾拖网渔获组成调查与分析  

Analysis of catch composition of two shrimp beam trawls in South China Sea

作　　者：杨炳忠[1] 杨吝[1] 谭永光[1] 晏磊[1] 张鹏[1] 李杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2017年第6期115-122,共8页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203018);农业部财政项目“渔具标准及管理制度完善”(20161102,20171102)

摘　　要：为了分析2种桁杆虾拖网(包括单杆虾拖网和双杆虾拖网)的结构特征、渔获组成及其对渔业资源的影响,2012-2015年于南海北部渔场进行了调查,运用相对重要性指数(IRI)评价渔获组成,统计副渔获物与虾类的产量比,计算主要经济种类的幼体比例。结果表明,单杆虾拖网与双杆虾拖网的桁杆结构存在较大的差异;单杆虾拖网副渔获与虾类的产量比平均为12.68±14.52;双杆虾拖网副渔获与虾类的产量比平均为1.79±1.02;2种虾拖网虾类优势种为刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)、周氏新对虾(M.joyneri)、日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)和近缘新对虾(M.affinis);鱼类优势种为褐斑三线舌鳎(Cynoglossus trigrammus)、多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)、少鳞(Sillago japonica)、丽叶鲹[Caranx(Atule)kalla]、黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)和六指马鲅(Thrissa dussumieri);蟹类优势种为红星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus)、三疣梭子蟹(P.trituberculatus)和远海梭子蟹(P.pelagicus);2种虾拖网渔获的幼体比例较高。文章还针对2种虾拖网作业对渔业资源产生的潜在影响进行了分析和探讨。We carried out an investigation during 2012 -2015 to analyze the structural characteristics and catch composition of onebeam trawl and two-beam trawl in the fishing grounds of the northern South China Sea. The index of relative importance （IRI） was used to evaluate the catch composition. The ratio of by-catch to shrimp by mass and the percentage of un-matured fish were also calculated. The results indicate that major difference of structural characteristics existed between one-beam trawl and two-beam trawl. The average ratio of by-catch to shrimp by mass was 12. 68 ± 14. 52 and 1.79 ± 1.02 for one-beam trawl and two-beam trawl, respectively. For both shrimp beam trawls, the dominant target species were Metapenaeus ensis, M. joyneri, Marsupenaeus japonicus and M. affinis; the dominant by-catch species were Cynoglossus trigrammus, Saurida tumbil, SiUago japonica, Caranx （ Atule ） kaUa, Siganus oramin, Thrissa dussumieri, Portunus sanguinolentus, P. trituberculatus and P. pelagicus. The percentages of un-matured fish were high for both shrimp beam trawls. Furthermore, the potential impact of shrimp beam trawl on fishery resources is discussed.

关 键 词：桁杆虾拖网 渔获组成 结构特征 南海 

分 类 号：S972.13[农业科学—捕捞与储运]