认知语法的“语境观”  

“View of Context” in Cognitive Grammar

作　　者：牛保义[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学英语语言文学研究所,河南开封475001 [2]河南大学外国语言学与应用语言学研究所,河南开封475001

出　　处：《解放军外国语学院学报》2017年第6期78-86,共9页Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"名词指称义的情境植入理论研究"(13BYY002);河南省教育厅高等院校社科优秀学者资助项目(2013-YXXZ-17)

摘　　要：本文依据认知语法对语境的分类,探讨了各类语境对实际用例(actual usage event)语义概念化的作用。系统语境借助规约单位,对用例做出范畴化判断。情境语境利用言/听者、说话的时地、交际目的意图、文化背景等情境因素,对用例的语义概念化起到补足、支撑等作用。组合语境利用上下文等语言的内部组织结构所提供的信息,对用例进行阐释、限定和支撑。基于语境的功能,我们尝试将认知语法的语境观概括为:语境不仅是语义(语用)的,而且也是语法的。语境是语法和语义赖以生存的基础。认知语法的"语境观"是一个"三位一体"的语境观;一个以"认知"为基础的语境观;一个"基于用法"的语境观。The paper,on the basis of the classification of context in Cognitive Grammar,analyzes the function of context on the semantic conceptualization of the usage event. Systemic context, selecting a conventional unit, makes a categorizing judgment of the usage event. Situational context offers complementation or support to the semantic conceptualization of usage event in terms of speech participants,the time or space of the utterance,communicative intention and information of cultural background. Syntagmatic context,depending on the information of the linguistic context,elaborates or restricts the conceptualization of the usage event. Accordingly,the view of context in Cognitive Grammar is generalized as follows: context is not only of semantics,but also of grammar. It is context that ensures the existence of semantics and syntax. This view of context is a"Trinity",cognition-based,as well as usage-based. This view of context is of greater theoretical import in comparison with the previous studies of context.

关 键 词：认知语法 系统语境 情境语境 组合语境 语境观 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语]