母语类型的多维干扰——维吾尔语重音模式匹配汉语声调的机制  

Uyghur Learners' Using Stress Pattern in Uyghur to Match the Tones in Chinese

作　　者：杜兆金[1] 陈保亚[2] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学文学院,曲阜273165 [2]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《民族语文》2017年第5期43-60,共18页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(批准编号:16BYY038;主持人:杜兆金);国家社科基金重大项目(批准编号:14ZBD102;主持人:陈保亚)

摘　　要：本文基于维吾尔语重音模式的分析,以维吾尔语重音模式的调型特征来考察维吾尔语和汉语声调匹配的微观过程和特点。研究发现,维吾尔族人以母语重音模式中"平调""降调""升调"三种调型匹配汉语的声调,语言类型学特点差异引起了"多对一"的复杂匹配,可称之为"多维干扰";维吾尔语以"平调""降调""升调"匹配汉语声调,会经历一个由无序匹配到有序匹配的转化过程。维吾尔语和汉语接触的早期阶段,维吾尔族人会以"平调""降调""升调"三种调型同时匹配汉语声调,这是维吾尔语和汉语接触中声调出现诸多变异现象的重要原因;随着接触程度加深,维吾尔族人逐步以一个调型来匹配汉语某个声调,即实现有序匹配。考察维吾尔语重音模式与维汉声调匹配的关系,为研究无声调语言母语者习得汉语声调提供了一个重要的观察窗口。This paper, based on analysis of the stress pattern of Uyghur, examines the process and characteristics of Uyghur learners＇ tone match when speaking Chinese in light of the pitch variation types in stress pattern of Uyghur. It is found that differences in language typological characteristics lead to the complicated many-to-one match, which can be termed ＂multidimensional interference＂. When speaking Chinese, the Uyghur learners, whose native language is Uyghur, match the tones in Chinese with the three main types of tonal variations in the word stress pattern of their mother tongue, that is, ＂level tone＂, ＂falling tone＂, and ＂rising tone＂, and the Uyghur learners＇ tone match will undergo a transformational process from disordered matching to ordered matching. Specifically, in the early stages of language contact between Uyghur and Chinese, the Uyghur learners tend to use indiscriminately the three types of tonal variations to match the Chinese tone, which figures as the key cause of multiple tonal variations in the form of Chinese spoken by the Uyghur learners. With further exposure to Chinese and the improvement of their Chinese language level, the Uyghur learners gradually shift to match a certain tone in Chinese with a fixed tonal variation, that is, the realization of ordered matching. The inspection of the connection between the Uyghur stress pattern and the tonal matching furnishes an important observation window for the study of Chinese tone acquisition by second or foreign language learners whose native languages are non-tonal.

关 键 词：语言接触 重音模式 多维干扰声 调匹配 

分 类 号：H215[语言文字—少数民族语言]