土壤生态毒性测试方法综述  

Overview of Soil Ecotoxicity Tests

作　　者：张倩倩 乔敏[1,2] 池海峰 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院城市环境研究所中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室,厦门361021

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2017年第4期76-97,共22页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21377154);国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2013AA06A211;2012AA06A302)

摘　　要：土壤生态毒性测试在化学品管理和污染土壤评价等方面具有重要作用。传统的测试方法通常是利用生物个体、种群等水平上的存活、繁殖等测试终点来评价化学品或污染土壤对生态系统的影响。微宇宙等模拟生态系统和一些野外试验方法更接近生态系统的实际情况,但耗时更长、花费更高。与传统的测试方法相比,生物标志物敏感性高、响应速度快,有可能作为土壤污染的快速诊断工具。近年来,新技术的应用进一步促进了土壤生态毒理学的发展,如组学技术有助于理解有毒物的致毒机制,发现新的分子生物标志物。本文综述了目前土壤生态毒性测试的主要方法及其标准化和应用现状,同时对土壤生态毒性测试方法今后的研究方向及在我国环境管理中的应用提出展望。Soil ecotoxicity tests play an important role in the regulation of chemicals and polluted soil. Traditional tests use endpoints on individual and population level such as survival and reproduction to assess the effects of chemicals or polluted soil on ecosystem. To assess the effects in more realistic condition, tests such as terrestrial model ecosystem and field testing are developed, but these tests cost more time and money. Compared to traditional tests , biomarkers respond more quickly and are more sensitive and thus are potential rapid tools for the diagnosis of soil pollution. In recent years, application of some new technology promotes the development of soil ecotoxicology, for example, omics tools are helpful for understanding toxicity mechanism and identifying new molecular biomark-ers. This paper gives an overview of some common soil ecotoxicity tests as well as their standardization and appli-cation. In addition, prospectives for the future research of soil ecotoxicity tests and their application in China＇ s en-vironment management are also provided.

关 键 词：土壤生态毒理学 生物标志物 标准测试 生态风险评价 成组测试 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]