东北五种早熟马铃薯的物理参数测试与分析  

Measurement and Analysis of Physical Parameters of Five Early Maturing Potato Varieties in Northeast China

作　　者：田悦 赵萍[1] 李永奎[1] 赵吉喆 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2017年第6期737-744,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51505305);教育部高等学校博士学科专项科研基金项目(20132103120016);沈阳市科技计划项目(F15-199-1-20)

摘　　要：马铃薯收获机械化和马铃薯成品细化是马铃薯主粮化发展过程中的必然趋势,而马铃薯块茎的大小、形状、单株结薯量及其分布范围是马铃薯收获机械设计及其分级分选的重要依据。选取早大白、尤金、富金、荷兰十五和费乌瑞它5种东北主要种植的早熟马铃薯品种,每个品种随机选取50株进行物理参数的测试、统计与分析。测量每个植株下的块茎分布,统计块茎个数;利用视觉技术测量块茎形状及大小;用方差分析法分析不同马铃薯品种的各物理参数是否存在显著差异。结果表明:不同马铃薯品种的块茎分布宽度大致相同,多集中在20~30cm,而结薯深度存在显著性差异(p<0.05),其中早大白、荷兰十五、费乌瑞它多分布在14~16cm,富金多分布在16~18cm,尤金多分布在18~20cm;不同马铃薯品种结薯个数存在显著性差异(p<0.05),其中早大白平均单株结薯3.6个,多集中在3~5个,占整体的80%,费乌瑞它平均单株结薯4.7个,多集中在4~6个,占整体的88%,荷兰十五平均单株结薯4.9个,多集中在4~6个,占整体的84%,尤金平均单株结薯6.2个,多集中在5~7个,占整体的76%,富金平均每株结薯7.5个,多集中在7~9个,占整体的66%;尤金的薯形多为椭球形,占其全部马铃薯的83.37%,早大白和富金多为椭球形和类球形,分别占其马铃薯总数的72.22%、19.44%(早大白)和77.33%、22.67%(富金),荷兰十五和费乌瑞它多为长形和椭球形,分别占其马铃薯总数的24.49%、75.15%(荷兰十五)和19.15%、74.47%(费乌瑞它);富金块茎尺寸主要分布在50~80mm,早大白块茎尺寸主要分布在60~100mm,尤金块茎尺寸主要分布在50~120mm,荷兰十五和费乌瑞它尺寸分布较为分散,直径在120mm以上的马铃薯分别占其总数的10.20%和12.76%。研究结果为马铃薯挖收获机械挖掘部件的设计提供理论基础,并为进一步研究马铃薯块茎-根系三维模型提供参数依据。The development of the potato into staple food has become an inevitable trend, so more and more attention has been paid to the potential benefits of potato. Potato harvesting mechanization and potato product refinement are inevitable trends in the process of developing potato. The size and shape of potato tubers are important parameter used for the classification of potatoes,and the number of potatoes per plant and its distribution range are influential basis for designing the potato harvesting machinery. Therefore the study of potato＇s physical parameters is very necessary. In this study, 5 kinds of early maturing potato varieties were selected, including Zao Dabai, Eugene, Fu Jin, Holland fifteen and Favorite. These varieties are common planted in Northeast China. Fifty potato plants were randomly selected from each variety for physical parameters test, statistics and analysis.The objectives of this paper are to measure the tuber distribution range and count the number of tubers of each potato plant, to measure the maximum horizontal distance between tubers, marked as lateral spacing, to measure the distance between the deepest tuber and ground, marked as longitudinal spacing, to gauge the tubers＇ shape and size based on visual technology. The main methods are as follows： Design of an image acquisition system. Acquiring an image using the mirror while three directions of potato will be included. Based on calibration block＇s relationship between Pixel value and actual size, the actual size of thepotato＇s longest diameter was obtained. The shape of potatoes are obtained by the function of minbroundrect. Later in this article,variance analysis was used to analyze whether there were significant differences in the physical parameters of diverse potato varieties. The results are shown in the diagram. Through the above methods, four conclusions are obtained. Firstly,different varieties of potatoes have the same tubers width distribution B1, mainly concentrated in the 20-30 cm, but their tubers depth distribu

关 键 词：马铃薯 机器视觉 物理参数 测试分析 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]