15世纪至16世纪初期欧洲、伊斯兰国家和中国绘画中的殊方异物——从丢勒的《犀牛》版画说起  

The Exotic Things in the European, Islamic and Chinese Paintings from fifteenth Century to Early sixteenth Century——Starting with Dürer's Rhinoceros Prints

作　　者：孙博 

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆展览一部,北京100006

出　　处：《艺术探索》2017年第6期24-38,共15页Arts Exploration

摘　　要：丢勒版画《犀牛》、曼坦尼亚《三博士来拜》、《列王纪》插图、伦敦大英图书馆所藏两部波斯诗集的插图、明永乐《瑞应麒麟图》、法海寺壁画中的狮子等六幅作品产生于中古时代与早期现代的变革阶段。传播路线上,西方新航路的开辟和郑和下西洋给异域方物的传播提供了契机;同时,旧有的陆上丝绸之路路线也在发挥着作用。在贸易原则方面,明朝为代表的东亚朝贡体系和葡萄牙为代表的殖民贸易体系既并行运作又互有交错。从图像制作上看,为宗教、为礼仪而绘制的大艺术(major art)传统行将式微,走向大众传媒的版画、插图和日用类书正在勃兴。在文化接受方面,西方古典的复兴、中国博物学、伊斯兰美学很大程度上决定了方物转换为图像的机制。Works, including Albrecht Darer＇s Rhinoceros, Andrea Mantegna＇s Adoration of the Magi, illustrations from Shahnama, two illustrations from Persian poems in the collection of British Library, hanging scroll named Tribute Giraffefrom Bengal painted in the reign of Yongle Emperor, image of Lions in the Fahai temple mural, were produced during the transforming period from medieval to early modern. The development of the new Western route and the Great Exploration of Zheng He paved the way for the physical distribution of exotic animals. Meanwhile, the traditional silk route also exerts substantial influence on the material and culture exchange. In terms of trade principles, two different principles, East Asia tributary system established by China and Colonial trading system practiced by Portugal, had been working interactively. In terms of image making mechanism, tradition of major art declined while minor art including woodcut prints, illustrations, popular reference books were booming. In the perspective of cultural reception, the renaissance of classics, traditional Chinese natural history, Islamic Aesthetics played a significant role in cultural transformation.

关 键 词：大航海时代 博物学 海商网络 早期现代 文化史 

分 类 号：J205[艺术—美术]