汉语保留宾语被动句中宾语成分的格位形式、语类性质和题元角色研究——兼论汉语句式中的狭义领属关系和复合动词的形态组合  

A Study on the Categorical Status,Theta-role and Case-marking of the Object Nouns in the Chinese Passive Sentences with Stranded Objects——A Discussion Concerning the Possession Relation and Morphological Make-up of the Compound Verb in the Chinese Passiv

作　　者：马志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学,中国广州510420

出　　处：《海外华文教育》2017年第11期1528-1537,共10页Overseas Chinese Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"汉语特色句式的优化生成及其中介语加工机制研究"(15BYY090)

摘　　要：领有名词提升说忽略了领有者和隶属者之间的层级结构关系,因而对领有格标记"的"的处理过于随意。同时,认为英语类语言中的被动化操作同样适用于汉语的语言学家们通过与领主句"王冕死了父亲"相类比而拟造了"王冕被杀了父亲"这样的保留宾语被动句。事实上,形成汉语保留宾语被动句的句法语义要件有狭义领属关系、宾语成分的语类性质和动词的复合形态;而"王冕被杀了父亲"并不能满足这三项要求,因而可以认定其为不合法的汉语句子。基于语法理论研究汉语时,研究者们通常会基于内省来构拟例句。文章认为,汉语语法研究提倡借鉴但反对盲从,因此在构拟例句时应该将母语直觉判断和母语的个性特点置于优先于理论推演的地位,而部分格对于各类汉语句式均具有普遍适用性。Possessor raising Hypothesis loses sight of the hierarchy of the structural relationship between the possessor and the possessee,thus lacking adequate consideration in treating the possessive case marker de. In the meantime,Linguists who have applied passivization in English-type languages into Chinese-type languages tend to accept the applicability of Unaccusative Hypothesis. Thus,they constructed passive sentences like "Zhangsan bei shale fuqin"by analogy with "Wangmian sile fuqin". In actuality,three requirements( in terms of syntax and semantics) must be met in order to form grammatical Chinese passive sentences with stranded objects: possession relationship in a narrow sense,the categorial status of object nouns and the complex make-up of the verbal unit. "Zhangsan bei shale fuqin"is not in accord with any of the three requirements and should thus be taken as ungrammatical. When applying generative grammar theory to the research on Chinese language,researchers are very likely to resort to introspection to construct sample sentences. This article proposes that references can be made to grammar theories but caution should also be taken against "blind application". The prior strategy is to resort to native intuition and the idiosyncrasy of a mother tongue rather than theoretical derivations,whereas the partitive case is applicable to a variety of syntactic patterns in Chinese.

关 键 词：最简方案 保留宾语被动句 语类性质 题元角色 格位形式 狭义领属关系 复合动词 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]