大庆市不同环境介质中多环芳烃污染特征对比及来源解析  

Comparison of Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Different Environmental Media in the Urban Area of Daqing City

作　　者：宋宁宁[1,2] 冯嘉申 于洋 李迎霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]德州学院资源环境与规划学院,德州253023

出　　处：《环境科学》2017年第12期5272-5281,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41530635);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金项目(51421065);国家自然科学基金项目(51278054);中央高校基本科研业务费专项

摘　　要：为研究不同环境介质中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染特征的异同,对大庆市道路灰尘中多环芳烃的污染特征和来源进行研究,在2012年10月采集了大庆市区23个道路灰尘样品和4个土壤样品.使用戴安ASE300快速溶剂萃取仪提取PAHs,净化浓缩后,利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)测定了美国环保署列为优先控制污染物的16种PAHs及总PAHs(ΣPAHs)的含量.结果表明,道路灰尘中ΣPAHs含量的范围为579.5~4 656.7 ng·g^(-1),平均值为1839.7 ng·g^(-1).大庆市不同功能区道路灰尘中PAHs占ΣPAHs的质量比例呈现大体相似的特征,低环(2~3环)、中环(4环)、高环(5~6环)PAHs所占比例均值分别为37.9%,37.3%和24.8%.与相关研究中大庆水体及湖泊沉积物中PAHs数据进行对比,发现大庆土壤、湖泊沉积物、湖泊和水泡水体中均为低环PAHs占绝对主导优势,其质量分数高达69.3%~99.97%.ΣPAHs含量的分布受功能区的影响并不显著,与样点周围工厂的类型密切相关.特征化合物比值法表明,研究区PAHs主要来自于石油类燃料的泄漏、石油燃料燃烧及煤炭/生物质燃烧的混合源.正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)结果表明,研究区道路灰尘中PAHs主要来源为煤炭燃烧、石油泄漏源、工业源以及交通源,其贡献率分别为30.1%、26.9%、23.6%和19.3%,与大庆地区其他环境介质中PAHs来源不完全相同.In order to investigate the various pollution characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （ PAHs） in different environmental media, 23 street dust samples and four soil samples were collected in October 2012 in Daqing City. After extraction by Dionex ASE300 and purification, the content of the US EPA priority pollutants [16 individual PAH and total PAHs （ ∑PAHs ）] was determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （ GC/ MS）. The results showed that the range of∑PAHs content in street dust was 579. 5-4656. 7 ng·g - 1 , and the average content was 1839. 7 ng·g - 1 . The mass percentage of PAHs in the street dust in different functional areas in Daqing showed a similar mass ratio range, with the average mass percentage of low ring （2-3 rings） PAHs of 37. 9% , medium ring （4 rings） PAHs of 37. 3% , and high ring （5- 6 rings） PAHs of 24. 8% . However, low ring PAHs, with mass ratios of 69. 3% -99. 97% , overwhelmingly dominated the Daqing soil, Daqing lake sediment, Daqing lakes, and Daqing ponds （ data from literature）. The distribution of ∑PAHs content was not significant among different functional areas and was closely related to the type of the plants around the sampling sites. The isomer ratio method confirmed that the sources of PAHs in the street dust in the study area were mixed sources, including oil spills, fuel oil combustion, and coal/ biomass burning. Positive matrix factorization （PMF） results showed that the PAHs in the street dust in the center of Daqing originated from coal combustion, oil spill sources, industrial sources, and traffic sources, with contribution rates of 30. 1% , 26. 9% , 23. 6% , and 19. 3% , respectively, which were not exactly the same trend as that in other media.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 大庆 道路灰尘 源解析 PMF模型 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学]