基于互联网群体智能的软件开发:可行性、现状与挑战  

Software development based on collective intelligence on the Internet: feasibility, state-of-the-practice, and challenges

作　　者：张伟[1,2] 梅宏[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]高可信软件技术教育部重点实验室(北京大学),北京100871 [2]北京大学信息科学技术学院软件研究所,北京100871 [3]北京理工大学计算机学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国科学：信息科学》2017年第12期1601-1622,共22页Scientia Sinica(Informationis)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:61690200;61432020);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(批准号:2015CB352201)资助项目

摘　　要：我们正在经历一场软件开发方式的变革.在这场变革中,互联网承担了双重角色:一方面,互联网形成了一个开放、动态、持续演化的软件运行环境,极大地增加了软件系统的规模和复杂性,为软件开发带来了新的挑战;另一方面,在"将计算机互联"和"将物品互联"两种基础角色之上,互联网正在展现出"将智能互联"的崭新角色,促成了群体智能现象在各种问题领域中的出现和快速发展,为解决软件开发面临的本质性困难提供了一种潜在的创新性解决方案.本文从可行性、实践现状、问题与挑战等几个方面对基于互联网群体智能的软件开发进行了概要性的论述和分析,并对其理想形态进行了初步的探索.我们希望通过这些论述和分析,能够为软件工程领域的研究者对相关问题及其研究实践现状的理解提供一种有价值的观察视角,为软件工程在互联网环境下的创新性发展贡献一些可能有用的信息和观点.We are undergoing a revolution in the field of software engineering. In this revolution, the Internet plays a dual role： on one hand, the Internet provides an open, dynamic, and constantly changing environment for software, and greatly increases the scale and complexity of various software, bringing about challenges to the area of software engineering; on the other hand, based on the two roles of internet-of-computers and internet-of-things,the Internet is gradually exhibiting an entirely new role called internet-of-intelligences, and is facilitating the rapid growth of collective intelligence in diverse fields, providing opportunities to develop creative solutions to cope with the essential difficulties of software engineering. In this paper, we provide a brief introduction and analysis to software development based on collective intelligence on the Internet, from the three aspects of feasibility, state of the practice, and problems and challenges. We also demonstrate our preliminary thinking regarding the ideal form of software development based on collective intelligence on the Internet. We hope this study could provide a valuable viewpoint for software engineering researchers to understand the current and future status of software development in the context of the Internet, and provide some possible useful options to facilitate the creative development of software engineering.

关 键 词：软件工程 互联网 群体智能 开源软件 软件众包 

分 类 号：TP311.52[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]