“膀胱”与“胞”、“津液”与“尿”及相关诸问题  

Concepts of ＂urinary bladder＂ and ＂vesicles （bao）＂, ＂fin ye＂ （ fluid and humor） and ＂urine＂ and other associated issues

作　　者：孙基然 刘洋[2] 马其南[3] 鞠宝兆 孙科峰[5] 吴景东 张立德[7] 杨关林[7] 

机构地区：[1]吉备国际大学社会科学系,日本高梁716-8508 [2]中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所,北京100700 [3]辽宁中医药大学护理学院,沈阳110032 [4]辽宁中医药大学科研处 [5]辽宁中医药大学第临床学院 [6]辽宁中医药大学教务处 [7]辽宁中医药大学

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2017年第5期262-272,共11页Chinese Journal of Medical History

摘　　要：《黄帝内经》中的“津液”有广义和狭义之分，但其论述并不严谨，“津液”一词有时可与“汗”“尿”互训，故“膀胱者，津液之府也”的“津液”即为尿液。《素问·气厥论篇》“胞移热于膀胱”的“胞”为子宫；《素问·示从容论篇》“胆胃大小肠脾胞膀胱”的“膀胱”本为“胞”的注文，后误人正文；《灵枢·五味论》“膀胱之胞”的“胞”为膀胱的“外候”，即阴囊，《备急千金要方》作“膀胱走胞”系讹误；《灵枢·淫邪发梦》“客于胞膻，则梦便溲”的“胞”指子宫，“膪”指肛门；《素问·痹论篇》“胞痹者，少腹膀胱按之内痛”的“胞”指膀胱；《灵枢·五音五味》“冲脉、任脉皆起于胞中”的“胞”指膀胱，并不是子宫。从《黄帝内经》对“膀胱”和“胞”的记述来看，中医古籍中的膀胱就是实体解剖器官膀胱，“胞”是指囊状样器官，可以表示膀胱、子宫、阴囊等。In the Huang di nei ring（ Huangdi＇s Internal Classic）, fin ye （fluid and humor） is de- scribed in two senses, broad and narrow, though not so strictly. Sometimes, fin ye is explained ambiguously as ＂sweat＂ and ＂urine＂, as in the phrase ＂the bladder, being a house of fin ye＂, here ＂fin ye＂ refers to the urine. In the Qi jue lun plan of Su wen （Chapter on Qi-Syncope of Plain Questions） , the ＂ bao＂ in the sentence ＂heat of bao moved to bladder＂ refersto the uterus. In the Shi cong rong lun plan （Chapter of Readily Inspecting） of Plain Questions, the ＂bladder＂ in the phrase ＂gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, spleen, bao and bladder＂, which, being an annotation of ＂bao＂ originally, is mistakenly incorporated into the text of the Classic. In the Wu wei lun of Ling shu （ On Five Tastes in Miraculous Pivot） , the ＂bao＂ in ＂bao of bladder＂ refers to the external hou （external manifestation） of the bladder, that is the scrotum. In the Bei fi qian fin yao fang （ Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies） , the short sentence ＂pang guang zou bao＂ is an error in itself. In the sentence of ＂settled in the bao and zhi causing to dream of defecation and urination＂ in the Yin xiefa meng （Dreams due to Evils） of Miracu- lous Pivot, ＂bao＂ refers to uterus, and ＂zhi＂ to anus. In Bi lun plan （ Chapter on Impediment） of Plain Questions, ＂the man suffered bao bimight feel internal pain when the lesser abdomen and bladder are pressed＂, here, ＂bao＂ refers to the bladder. In the Wu yin wu wei （ Chapter on Five Sound and Five Tastes ） of Miraculous Pivot, the ＂bao＂ in the sentence ＂thoroughfare vessel and conception vessel all starts from bao＂, again, ＂bao＂ here refers to the bladder, rather than to the uterus. From the above descriptions of ＂bladder＂ and ＂bao＂ in the Huangdi＇s Internal Classic, the ＂bladder＂ in ancient medical books refers to the substantial blad

关 键 词：膀胱 胞 津液 尿 

分 类 号：R221[医药卫生—中医基础理论]