从“以知解独”到“以自解独”——论阳明学派慎独工夫转向及其哲学意义  

Du(Vigilance in Solitude)Is Perception or Qi Itself:The Theory Transformation and Philosophical Meaning of Wang Yangming School's Theory of Shen-du(Vigilance in Solitude)

作　　者：陈畅[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学人文学院哲学系

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2017年第12期120-131,共12页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"<明儒学案>的道统论哲学及其话语特色研究"(12CZX035);国家社科基金重大项目"四书学与中国思想传统研究"(15ZDB005);广东省社科规划青年项目(GD11YZX01);广东高校优秀青年创新人才培养计划项目(wym11027)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：阳明学派"以慎独为宗旨者多矣"。而阳明后学对慎独的诠释,有一个从侧重"独知"到反对以"知"解独的转向。这一转向源于阳明"良知即是独知"说在中晚明时代引发的诠释困境。在宋明理学中,朱子与阳明都以"独知"解释慎独,但阳明学派的心学立场导致"独"被局限在心的领域,由此引发阳明后学对于终极本体的解释方向和工夫下手处的激烈论辩,构成难以调和的工夫论困局。晚明时期刘宗周创造性地提出新未发已发说(体用论),以"自好自恶"取代"独知",解决了这一理论困局。刘宗周的诠释转向具有独特的思想效应,其学说与明清思想转型有着内在的理论关联。There is a major turning from Define Du as perception to Define Du as Qi itself in Wang Yangming School’s theory of Shen-du(vigilance in solitude).This shift originates from the annotation dilemma caused by Wang Yangming’s"intuitive knowledge is the Duzhi(self-realized)"theory.In NeoConfucianism,both Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming define Du as perception.But Yangming School’s philosophy of mind leads to the limitation of"Du"in the realm of mind.This proposition has triggered a heated debate in Yangming School,which is difficult to reconcile.Liu Zongzhou creatively put forward a new theory,which replaced the"perception"by"Qi Itself",and solved this theoretical dilemma.Liu Zongzhou’s theoretical turn has unique philosophical significance.

关 键 词：慎独 诚意 明清思想转型 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]