管理供应风险:基于数量柔性采购的视角  

Managing supply risks:A perspective from quantity flexibility procurement

作　　者：何波[1] 张霞[1] He Bo;Zhang Xia(College of Economics ＆ Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, Chin)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学经济与工商管理学院,重庆400030

出　　处：《系统工程学报》2017年第6期855-864,共10页Journal of Systems Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71572021);国家社会科学基金重大资助项目(15ZDB169)

摘　　要：研究了一个零售商和两个供应商组成的分散式供应链,其中主要供应商以较低的价格提供产品但是其产出不确定,另外一个供应商以数量柔性合同提供可靠的数量但价格较高.为了有效的管理供应风险,零售商要在成本与柔性之间权衡.分析了零售商最优订货策略的结构性质,讨论了不同条件下零售商的最优订货行为,给出了只从风险供应商处采购(单源采购)和同时从两个供应商处采购(双源采购)的条件.论文发现:对零售商而言,在一定条件下,双源采购优于单源采购;对提供数量柔性的供应商而言,在一定条件下,提高柔性反而会降低其获得的订货量,使风险供应商获益;对风险供应商而言,提高其产出率的均值不一定能增加其获得的订货量,但是在双源采购条件下降低其产出率的方差却能够增加其获得的订货量.The paper considers a decentralized supply chain consisting of two suppliers and one buyer, where the major supplier provides products at a cheaper price but its yield is uncertain, and the other offers a quantity- flexible contract and guarantees the availability of the quantity but at an expensive price. To manage risks effectively, the buyer should make a tradeoff between cost and quantity flexibility. The structural property of the buyer＇s optimal ordering strategy is analyzed and the conditions under which the buyer should use sole- sourcing or dual-sourcing are derived. The results show that dual-sourcing doesn＇t necessarily outperform sole-sourcing for the buyer. Under certain circumstances, increasing flexibility may decrease obtained quantity for a quantity-flexible supplier and benefit his rival. As for the risky supplier, improving the mean of its yield doesn＇t necessarily increase its obtained quantity but lowering the variance of its yield does when the buyer chooses dual sourcing strategy.

关 键 词：供应不确定 采购 数量柔性合同 

分 类 号：F274[经济管理—企业管理]