人类活体头颅移植的解剖学手术路径与神经再生问题分析  

Anatomic path and nerve regeneration of human head transplantation

作　　者：费学浩 钟铧 李幼琼[3] 张海龙 

机构地区：[1]西藏大学,西藏拉萨850000 [2]西藏大学医学院人体解剖学教研室,西藏拉萨850000 [3]吉林大学白求恩医学院人体解剖学教研室,吉林长春131000 [4]锦州医科大学生物人类研究所,辽宁锦州121004

出　　处：《医学争鸣》2017年第6期33-37,共5页Negative

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31171152);中华医学会资助项目(V2014100601,S2016131416);西藏自治区高校青年教师创新支持计划项目(QCZ2016-14);西藏自治区大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2015QCX054,2015QCX057);西藏大学珠峰学者人才发展支持计划资助项目(2015-D)

摘　　要：头颅移植的研究为医学治疗提供了一种新视角,旨在通过切割颈部,利用特殊黏合剂等措施使颈部各结构再次吻合以达到治疗的目的。根据医学专家Canavero等对动物实验手术场景的描述,笔者结合正常人体解剖学结构,预估第5颈椎下缘横截面最有可能成为切割位点,此截面涉及颈部结构相对较少,可保留甲状腺、环状软骨弓和甲状软骨等结构的完整性。手术成功的关键在于神经的吻合程度,特殊的聚乙二醇、电刺激、神经干细胞和施万细胞等对神经损伤后都具有促进恢复的作用。尽管如此,即使人体头颅移植手术中的难题得以解决,但术者的身份伦理和法律等诸多社会问题依然存在。The study of human head transplantation provides a new perspective for medical treatment. In order to prolong the life of a patient with cancer or degenerated muscle or nerves, medical experts are trying to carry out human head transplantation. Based on Canavero＇s description about animal head transplantation operation and the understanding of normal human anatomy structures, we conjectured that the lower edge of the fifth cervical vertebra is the most possible cross section as the cutting site in that the cross section involves less neck structure and thyroid gland, and arcus cartilaginis cricoideae under the cross section and thyroid cartilage above the cross section can be kept intact. One of the keys to the success of the surgery is the anastomosis of spinal never. The use of special polyethylene glycol（PEG）, electrical stimulation, neural stem cells and Schwann cells can promote the recovery of spinal nerve injury. Even if these problems in the human head transplantation can be solved, the social problems such as ethics and laws involving the patient＇s identity still exist.

关 键 词：头颅移植 活体 人类 神经再生 解剖学 

分 类 号：R2[医药卫生—中医学]