煤微生物降解研究进展  

The Research Progress of Coal Microbial Degradation

作　　者：胡斌[1,2] 叶艳敏 刘建民 邰超[1,2] Hu Bin;Ye Yanmin;Liu Jianmin;Tai Chao(Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000;Collaborative Innovation Center of Coalbed Methane and Shale Gas for Central Plains Economic Region, Henan Province, Jiaozuo, 454000)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学资源环境学院,焦作454000 [2]中原经济区煤层(页岩)气河南省协同创新中心,焦作454000

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2017年第11期4733-4738,共6页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41202113);河南省高校科技创新团队项目(16IRTSTHN014);山西省煤基重点科技攻关项目(MQ2014-03);河南理工大学青年骨干教师项目(672105/176)共同资助

摘　　要：煤是重要的化石燃料,但其不合理利用造成了资源浪费和环境污染等问题,煤微生物降解是煤在微生物的作用下将煤这种具有复杂结构的大分子降解成可利用小分子的过程。根据作用微生物的不同主要将其分为真菌和细菌两种降解方式。本研究从碱性物质、螯合剂、酶促以及降解基因等方面,综述了真菌类和细菌类微生物在煤降解方面的研究进展,比较了煤微生物降解相对于化学降解和热降解的优越性,并总结了煤微生物降解研究过程中存在的几点问题及研究思路。煤的微生物降解将在减少环境污染、缓解能源危机等方面发挥巨大作用。Coal was important fossil fuels, but its improper use caused many problems such as resource waste and environmental pollution. Coal-microbial degradation was a process that coal with complex structure of macromolecular was degraded into available small molecules under the action of microbes. It was divided into two degradation ways including fungi and bacteria according to the role of microbes. The paper reviewed the research progress in coal degradation of fungi and bacteria from alkaline substances, chelating agent, enzyme degradation and degrading gene, etc. And the superiority of coal microbial degradation compared with chemical degradation and thermal degradation. In the end, several problems and research thoughts were raised about the process of coal microbial degradation. The coal microbial degradation would play an important role in reducing environmental pollution and easing energy crisis.

关 键 词：煤 降解 真菌 细菌 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]