美国博士教育的转型及其启示  

America's Doctoral Education Transformation and Its inspirations

作　　者：李云鹏 于珈懿 LI Yun - peng;YU Jia - Yi(School of Education, Shandong Women＇ s University, Jinan 250300, China;School of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China)

机构地区：[1]山东女子学院教育学院,山东济南250300 [2]山东师范大学教育学部,山东济南250014

出　　处：《黑龙江高教研究》2017年第12期56-59,共4页Heilongjiang Researches on Higher Education

基　　金：中国学位与研究生教育学会课题"美国专业博士学位研究生教育办学规律研究"(编号:2017Y1101)

摘　　要：20世纪初以来,美国博士教育完成转型发展。随着产业结构和就业结构的变化,美国博士教育的目的从发现新知识转向提升实践能力;结构从学术型学位为主转变为学术型学位和专业型学位并举,并以专业型为主体;培养模式实现了从学术本位到综合能力本位的转型。转型后的美国博士教育更好地支撑了美国经济社会的发展。我国博士教育也在转型发展的过程中,需要根据社会发展状况重新定位博士教育,审时度势地设计专业博士布局。我国需要积极发展专业博士教育,改变博士教育目的、结构和培养模式,并做好质量保障体系的建设工作。Since the beginning of the 20 th century,American doctoral education has completed its transformation and development. With the change of industrial structure and employment structure,the purpose of American doctoral education has shifted from discovering new knowledge to improving practical ability. The doctoral degree structure has changed from academic degree mainly to academic degree and professional degree,with the latter as the main body. The doctoral cultivation mode has achieved a transition from academic-based to comprehensive ability-based. After the transformation,doctoral education has better supported the development of the American economy and society. What＇s more,Chinese doctoral education is also in the process of transformation and development. It needs to reposition doctoral education according to social development status,and to design professional doctoral layout. China needs to actively develop professional doctoral education,change the purpose,structure and training mode,and do a construction of quality assurance system.

关 键 词：博士教育 专业博士教育 转型 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]