粤东梅州马山生态茶园植物多样性分析  

Analysis on the Plant Diversity of Mashan Tea Garden in Meizhou,Eastern Guangdong

作　　者：杨期和[1] 廖富林[1] 杨和生[1] 李秋丽 YANG Qihe;LIAO Fulin;YANG Hesheng;LI Qiuli(Jiaying University ,Meizhou 514015, Guangdong , China)

机构地区：[1]嘉应学院,广东梅州514015

出　　处：《福建林业科技》2017年第4期6-13,27,共9页Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2015A020220012);广东省高等学校科技创新重点项目(cxzd1132);广东省高等学校人才引进专项资金(2050205)

摘　　要：2015年11月在粤东梅州市丰顺县马山山地茶园的上坡地段,采用样方法对茶园植物多样性、生活型谱、植物区系、结果特性等进行实地调查分析。结果表明,在1400 m^2的样地中,共有维管植物83种,其中蕨类植物6种,裸子植物3种,被子植物74种,隶属于42个科72个属。茶园植物群落可分为乔、灌、草3层,各层的优势植物分别为罗浮柿、华润楠、硬斗石栎、茶、玉叶金花、白花鬼灯笼、芒萁、硬骨草、地菍;群落有较高的生物多样性,尤其是灌木层和草本层;植物生活型以高位芽为主,占66.27%,但高位芽植物的比例低于周边的自然林或次生林;群落区系组成中热带分布类型比例为62.5%,低于周边其他森林群落;茶园的被子植物中,肉果植物的比例超过50%,果熟期在秋季的植物最多,春季冬季较少。为了维持和促进茶园生态系统的稳定和保证茶园茶叶的产量和质量,应适当配植有较强水土保持功能的树种、绿肥植物和结果量较大的鸟嗜植物。The plant species diversity,life form spectrum,flora and fruiting characteristics of tea plantations in the uphill area of Mashan mountain in Meizhou City,Fengshun,Guangdong Province were investigated by sample method in November 2015.The results showed that in the sample area 1400 m^2,there were totally 83 species of vascular plants,including 6 species of ferns,3 species of gymnosperms,74 species of angiosperms,belonging to the 72 genera and 42 families.The tea garden community could be divided into three layers：arbor,shrub and herb layer.The dominant plants in arbor layer were Diospyros morrisiana,Machilus chinensis and Lithocarpus hancei,those in shrub layer were Camellia sinensis,Mussaenda pubescens and Clerodendrum fortunatum,in herb layer were Dicranopteris dichotoma,Arundinella anomala and Melastoma dodecandrum.The community has relatively high biodiversity,especially in the shrub layer and herb layer.The phanerophyte was dominant in plant life form,accounted for 66.27%,but the phaenerophyte proportion is lower than that in the surrounding natural or secondary forest.The community analysis proved that the proportion of tropical distribution type was 62.5% in the tea plantation,and lower than that in other forest communities.In angiosperms in the tea garden,the percentage of plants producing fleshy fruit was over 50%,the fruit ripening season for most of them was in autumn,that for less of them was in winter and spring.In order to maintain and promote stability of the tea plantation ecosystem and ensure the yield and quality of tea in the garden,the match planting of soil and water conservation trees,green manure plants and bird-attracting plants with relatively high fruit yield should be implemented.

关 键 词：茶园 植物多样性 生活型谱 植物区系 结果特性 粤东 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工] S718.54[农业科学—作物学]