4种变异苦水玫瑰形态和鲜花香气的分析  

Analysis on morphology and aromatic composition of four varieties of Rosa rugosa 'kushui'

作　　者：牛元 徐琼[1] 庄健 王嵛德 代立兰 李登飞 赵亚兰 

机构地区：[1]兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,甘肃兰州730010

出　　处：《经济林研究》2017年第4期248-253,共6页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家科技部富民强县专项(国科发农2011-190);甘肃省科技重大专项(1302NKDA028);兰州市科技攻关计划项目(2010-1-239;2015-RC-95;2016-3-4)

摘　　要：苦水玫瑰是甘肃省特色名优经济作物,在兰州市永登县苦水镇及周边村镇都有栽培。为给苦水玫瑰品种的提纯和利用提供数据支持,对该地栽培的‘苦水玫瑰’进行了田间观察,结果发现其有不同的表型特征,故从中选取了4个居群,对其形态特征和鲜花香气成分进行了测定与分析。田间观察结果表明:苦水玫瑰有4种类型,分别记载为KS、KSG、KSS、KSZ,其分布不均匀,有点状分布和群居分布的特点,其中以群居分布的为主。表型分析结果表明:4种类型的表型性状间有显著差异,其小叶长度和宽度的排序为KSS>KSZ>KS>KSG,萼片长度的排序为KSZ>KSS>KSG>KS,萼片宽度的排序为KS>KSG>KSZ>KSS,花托横径、花径及花瓣长度、宽度的排序均为KSZ>KSS>KS>KSG,花瓣数目的排序为KSZ>KS>KSS>KSG,单花质量的排序为KSZ>KSS>KS>KSG,其中KSZ的花瓣数和单花质量分别大于主要栽培品种苦水玫瑰(KS)39.90%与59.74%。采用GC-MS法测定的结果表明,4种类型鲜花的主要香气成分其组分和含量间的差异均明显:KS的香气成分有83种,KSG的香气成分有95种,KSS的香气成分有37种,KSZ的香气成分有32种;含量排在前三名的组分(含量),KS的依次是香茅醇(18.9%)、苯甲醇(14.92%)、香叶醇(10.14%),KSG的依次是苯乙醇(29.77%)、香茅醇(13.34%)、香叶醇(9.15%),KSZ的依次是香叶醛(18.25%)、苯甲醇(17.01%)、香茅醇(12.13%),KSS的依次是香茅醇(27.96%)、乙酸香茅酯(13.03%)、苯甲醇(10.10%)。文中分析认为,苦水玫瑰(KS)与其他3种类型为不同的变异类型,其中的KSZ为高产类型。Rosa rugosa ＇kushui＇ was one kind of famous economic crops in Gansu Province, which was planted in Kuhui Town and some surrounding areas. To provide data support for purification and utilization ofR. rugosa ＇kushui＇ cultivars, R. sertate xR. rugosa Yu. et. Ku planted at the local was observed in the field, different phenotypic characteristics were found, and then morphology and aromatic compositions of four selected populations were analyzed. The results showed that there were 4 types ofR. rugosa ＇kushui＇ in the filed, recorded as KS, KSG, KSS and KSZ, respectively. Distribution of the types was uneven, with spot distribution and dominant gregarious distribution. The results ofphenotypic analysis showed that there were significant differences between the 4 types. The orders of leaflet length and width were KSS 〉 KSZ 〉 KS 〉 KSG, the order of sepal length was KSZ 〉 KSS 〉 KSG 〉 KS, the order of sepal width was KS KSG 〉 KSZ 〉 KSS, the orders of receptacle horizontal diameter, flower diameter, petal length and petal width were KSZ 〉 KSS 〉 KS 〉 KSG, the order of petal number was KSZ 〉 KS 〉 KSS 〉 KSG, the order of single flower mass was KSZ 〉 KSS 〉 KS 〉 KSG, and petal number and single flower mass of KSZ was more than 39.90% and 59.74% of those of KS, respectively. The determination results of GC-MS method showed that main aromatic compositons and its contents of the four types had obvious differences. There existed 83 kinds of aromatic components in KS, 95 kinds in KSG, 37 kinds in KSS, and 32 kinds in KSZ. The top three components in KS were citronellol （18.9%）, benzyl alcohol （14.92%）, geraniol （10.14%）, the top three components in KSG were styrene ethanol （29.77%）, citronellol （13.34%）, geraniol （9.15%）, the top three components in KSZ were ginger leaf aldehyde （18.25%）, benzyl alcohol （17.01%）, citronellol （12.13%）, and the top three components in KSS were citronellol （27.96%）, citronellyl acetate （13.03%）, benzyl alcohol （1

关 键 词：苦水玫瑰 变异 形态 香气成分 

分 类 号：S685.12[农业科学—观赏园艺]