美国突发事件搜救队伍分类分级及其对我国救援队伍建设的启示  

Classification and Typing System of Incident Search and Rescue Teams in the United States and its Enlightenment to China

作　　者：徐爱慧 陈虹[1] 王巍 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地壳应力研究所,北京100085 [2]中国地震局工程力学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《灾害学》2018年第1期168-174,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：中国地震局科研专项"地震灾害紧急救援队岗位功能及测评"(4101622263)

摘　　要：重大突发事件特别是地震这种影响范围广、救援技术要求高的灾害,有效的人员搜救是减少人员伤亡的关键环节。其关键因素除了能够及时赶到灾害发生地点外,最重要的是所部署救援队的能力能够满足救援需求,携带的装备及技术能够在现场开展相应的搜救工作。为有效地部署救援力量,美国联邦紧急管理署(FEMA)针对突发事件的响应需求形成了一整套搜救队伍分类、分级体系。研究该体系对于中国救援队伍的建设及灾后第一时间救援队伍的部署有重要的借鉴意义。在详细剖析美国搜救队伍的分类分级及其相应的技术能力要求,并在分析中国紧急救援队伍建设现状的基础上,提出了中国专业救援队伍分类分级的建议,为国内应急救援资源的灾后部署、调整、追踪提供参考。As to serious incidents,especially disasters with a wide range of influence and high technical requirements like earthquakes,effective search and rescue operation is a key link to reduce casualties. In terms of key factors to dealing with such issues,apart from timely arrival to the incident sites,the most important is that the capacity of the deployed rescue team can satisfy the rescue demand and the equipment and techniques are capable to develop relevant search and rescue on the spot. In order to effectively deploy the rescue resources,American Federal Emergency Management Agency（FEMA） formed a whole set of system including classification and typing of search and rescue teams. Thus,to study this system is of great reference significance for the construction of Chinese rescue teams and timely deployment after disasters. Based on detailed analysis of search and rescue teams＇ classification,typing system in the United States and their relevant technical competence requirements,aimed at the current situation of the construction of Chinese rescue teams,some suggestions on classification and typing of China professional search and rescue teams is presented,so as to provide some reference for the deployment,adjustment and tracing of rescue resources after disasters in China.

关 键 词：美国 突发事件 搜救队伍 分类 分级 启示 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]