基于AHP-Fuzzy和激光点云数据的公路边坡危险性评估研究  

Research on Risk Evaluation of Highway Slope Based on AHP-Fuzzy and Laser Point Cloud Data

作　　者：刘洋洋[1] 李永强[1] 郭增长[1] 李有鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《灾害学》2018年第1期206-212,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501491);国家测绘局测绘地理信息公益性行业科研专项项目(201412020);河南省重点科技攻关项目(112102210193)

摘　　要：针对目前公路边坡危险性评估大多侧重于判断危险等级,很少深入研究其中具体危险点的问题,提出一种基于AHP-Fuzzy和激光点云数据的公路边坡危险性综合评估方法。该文先根据地质条件将公路边坡划分为若干路段,再采用AHP-Fuzzy评价法对各路段边坡进行整体评估,确定危险边坡;然后利用车载LiDAR系统获取各危险边坡两期激光点云数据,构建DEM模型,并使用色谱分析法对两期模型进行局部评估,找出具体的危险点;最后结合专家意见,定性判断危险路段可能发生的灾害类型,并提出相应的防治建议。以重庆市某公路为例,采用新方法进行评估实验。结果表明,研究区4、8、10号路段危险性较大,易发生滑坡、崩塌灾害,建议采取及时的防治措施。与传统方相比,该方法既能确定危险边坡,又能找出其中的具体危险点,为公路边坡防灾减灾研究开辟了一种新思路。In view of the current highway slope risk assessment mostly to judge the risk level,rarely go deep into the specific point of the problem; put forward a method for evaluating risk of highway slope based on AHPFuzzy and laser point cloud data. In this method,first of all,the highway is divided into several sections according to the geological condition,secondly,the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to carry out a overall assessment and determine the dangerous slope,thirdly,using vehicle LiDAR system to obtain two period laser point cloud data of each dangerous slope,and building two-period DEM model for the dangerous slope. meanwhile,the two-period model were analyzed and compared by the method of chromatography analysis for local evaluation and find out the specific risk,finally,according to expert opinion to determine the risk of the type of disaster,and put forward the corresponding prevention and control recommendations. Taking a highway in Chongqing city as an example,a new method is used to evaluate it,results show that,the study area 4,8,10 sections of a large risk,prone to landslides and the proposed timely prevention and control measures. Compared with the traditional method,this method can not only determine the dangerous slope,but also find out the concrete danger point,which opens up a new way for the research of the highway slope disaster prevention and reduction.

关 键 词：公路边坡 危险性评估 AHP-Fuzzy评价法 车载LiDAR系统 激光点云数据 防灾减灾 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] P64[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]