信念与概率:认识情态动词的语义差异及其功能分化  被引量:13

Belief and Probability:The Semantic Differences and Functional Differentiation of Epistemic Modal Verbs

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作  者:李命定 袁毓林[1] 

机构地区:[1]北京大学中文系/中国语言学研究中心/计算语言学教育部重点实验室

出  处:《世界汉语教学》2018年第1期26-38,共13页Chinese Teaching in the World

基  金:教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"汉语意合语法框架下的词汇语义知识表示及其计算系统研究";国家重点基础研究计划(973计划)项目课题"语言认知的神经机制"(2014CB340502)的资助

摘  要:助动词"会"和"可能、一定、应该"是典型的认识情态动词。但是,它们的语义及功能很不一样,如:他{会/*可能/*一定/*应该}生气的、{*会/可能/一定/应该}下雨了。通过考察真实文本语料,本文发现:"会"传递的是说话人对命题的态度,即相信该命题为真,是一种信念算子;"可能""一定""应该"等助动词传递的是说话人对命题真值的态度,即相信该命题为真具有可能性、必然性或合理性等,是一种概率算子。Abstract Like keneng (can), Sding (must) and yinggdi (should), the auxiliary verb hui(will) is a typical epistemic modal verb. The meaning and function of hui, however, are different from others', as manifested in "ta hui/*keneng/*yiding/*yinggai shengqi de" ( he will/* can/* must/* should be angry) and "*hui/keneng/yiding/yingga i xidyule" (it *will/can/must/should have rained). Through an examination of authentic corpus, this paper comes to the conclusion. Hui, as a belief operator, conveys the speaker's attitude to the proposition (i.e., the speaker believes that the proposition is true) ; in contrast, the auxiliary verbs keneng, yiding and yinggdi ,as probability operators, convey the speak- er's attitude to the truth of the proposition (i.e., the speaker believes that it is possible, inevitable or reasonable that the proposition is true).

关 键 词:助动词“会/可能/一定/应该” 认识情态 信念/概率算子 可能世界 信念程度 

分 类 号:H146.2[语言文字—汉语]

 

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