句末的情态性重置和重申性再现  

Right-peripheral Reemphasis on Attitude and Reaffirmation in Spoken Chinese

作　　者：刘探宙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2018年第1期52-65,共14页Chinese Teaching in the World

摘　　要：本文认为"你疯了你!"和"刚才那两块钱是谁丢的刚才那两块钱?"这两个句子,虽然都是句末重复出现句首成分,但却是整体意义、语用目的和句法性质都不同的"同形异构",两者的不同体现在语音和用法的方方面面。前者可称为"情态性重置句",是说话人表达情绪和态度、拒绝听话人回应的一个封闭句子,因此整句话说下来必须连贯不停,语调强势,这使得重复的音节倾向于"短",甚至还可以再添加语气词使情态更得以强调,在对话中通常作为回应句;后者可称为"重申性再现句",是说话人希望得到听话人回应的、可断可连的流水句,句末重复是希望听话人顺利地捕捉到有用信息从而能准确回应自己,因此语调轻缓,类型丰富,重复的音节倾向于"长",或"断"或"连"都服从于听说双方现场"引发-应答"的表达需求,在对话中通常作为发起句。Both ＂Ni fengle ni !＂（你疯了你） and ＂Gangcai na liangkuaiqian shi shui diu de gangcai na liangkuaiqian？＂（刚才那两块钱是谁的刚才那两块钱） in spoken Chi- nese repeat the sentence-initial element at the right periphery, but the two constructions are different in their construction meanings, pragmatic motivations and syntactic proper- ties. The former is characteristic of the ＂right-peripheral reemphasis on attitude＂, by which the utterer expresses his attitude with no need forthe interpreter＇s response, hence the sentence is always spoken in an emphatic tone without any pause before the repetitive part. The latter is characteristic of the ＂reappearance of secondary information＂, by which the utterer helps the interpreter capture enough information to respond accurately, hence the intonation is gentle. Whether the utterer makes a pause or not before the repetitive part is subject to the need of the dialogue scene.

关 键 词：句末重复 情态性重置 重申性再现 零句 流水句 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]