古虚词“之”“乎”“者”“也”的词汇化  

On the Lexicalization of Ancient Function Words—“Zhi”,“Hu”,“Zhe”and“Ye”

作　　者：储一鸣[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学文传学院,安徽蚌埠233030 [2]华中师范大学文学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第6期132-138,共7页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：安徽省高校人文社科2016年重点项目"基于大数据库的现代汉语多功能副词的研究"(项目编号:SK2016A0003);安徽省2016年哲学社会科学规划办一般项目"清代皖籍语文学家的语言学贡献研究"(项目编号:AHSKY2016D110)

摘　　要：上古汉语分立的四个虚词"之""乎""者""也"在近古以后能固化成一个短语使用,词汇化过程大体经历了北宋时期的临时组合、南宋到元明时期的约定俗成规约化、清代的完全词汇化等阶段;其词汇化发生的原因在于上古时期"之""乎""者""也"的高频使用、功能近似、句位近距,促使人们心里上类推、语义上转喻、语法上重新分析以致模块化的结果;词汇化后的"之乎者也"在语用上能发挥指称、言说、标性状等功能,具有讽刺性语用效果。The four discrete function words in ancient Chinese language--＂ Zhi＂, ＂Hu＂, ＂Zhe＂ and ＂Ye＂-- can be solidified into a phrase in ancient time nearest to the present, and their lexicalization process has roughly undergone the stage of temporary combination in the Northern Song Dynasty, of conventionalization from the South- ern Song Dynasty to Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and of complete lexicalization in the Qing Dynasty. The lexicaliza- tion occurs simply because of the high-frequency use, function approximation and proximate syntactic positions of the four function words, thus leading to their modularization caused by mental analogy, semantic metonymy and grammatical reanalysis. The four function words can, after their lexicalization, boast functions of reference, discourse and marking, and enjoy the ironic pragmatic effect.

关 键 词：“之乎者也” 词汇化 类推 转喻 

分 类 号：H042[语言文字—语言学]