公路交通设施造成的视觉影响与驾驶员生理心理的关系  

Analysis of driver's physiological and psychological differences based on the influence of highway traffic facilities on visual characteristics

作　　者：张丽梅[1] 李耀平[2] 鲍建军[1] 杨爽艺[1] 鲍天昊[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省精神病医院,云南昆明650224 [2]昆明理工大学交通工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《四川精神卫生》2017年第6期560-565,共6页Sichuan Mental Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(1461015);云南省高层次卫生计生技术人才培养经费资助(H-201613)

摘　　要：目的通过相关性分析得到公路交通设施设置前后驾驶员生理心理的差异,以此为驾驶员实际行车过程中公路设施的具体设置提供理论基础,最大化的减少由于公路交通设施设置不当造成的受驾驶员主观影响的交通安全事故。方法通过对不同年龄段驾驶员进行跟车实测,收集120例驾驶员数据,从公路交通设施设置前后对驾驶员的视觉特性影响机理出发,运用数理统计和回归分析,对不同性别、不同驾龄的驾驶员进行分类,通过动态聚类法对驾驶员的视觉兴奋区进行处理,从视觉范围、扫视速度和区域面积等方面定量研究交通设施设置对驾驶员的视觉特性影响。结果 (1)驾驶员视觉特性强度与其注视点距离和车速呈正相关(r=0.997),注视点距离和车速的标准差分别为0.016和0.05,协方差分别为6328、-1030,95%置信区间范围为(0.926,1)和(-1,0.05);(2)驾驶员对正前方视野区内最为关注,公路交通设施设置前后驾驶员兴趣区域注视趋势大体相似,但额外的交通设施会吸引驾驶员更多的注意力;(3)驾驶人员视觉搜索范围在设置公路交通设施后会增加,水平范围会减小,这一点在女性驾驶员和驾驶新手身上尤为明显;(4)驾驶人扫视幅度和速率在设置后会增加,驾驶新手和女性驾驶员扫视幅度更大,范围更广;(5)驾驶人眨眼持续时间主要分布在0.02~0.6s范围内,平均值为0.245s,0.1~0.3s范围内眨眼频数较高,对驾驶员生理影响较大。结论驾驶员视野范围与注视距离、注视点区域面积存在显著相关性,随着车速增加,驾驶员反馈信息次数也会增加,错误率上升。Objective By means of correlation analysis in the difference of the driver's psychological and physiological settings before and after the highway traffic facilities,according to the actual driving driver specific set of highway facilities in the process of providing the theoretical basis,to maximize the reduction of traffic accidents due to driver's subjective effects caused by the improper setting of the highway traffic facilities. Methods 120 cases of 6 types of data were collected through the measurement of the drivers at different ages. We used mathematical statistics and regression analysis to research drivers. Drivers were classified by gender and age,then datas were collected such as visual features index,message of physiological and psychology,visual range,speed and area etc.Quantitative study of the factors of driver's visual characteristics when traffic facilities install. Results(1)The intensity of driver's visual characteristics was significantly positively correlated with the distance of fixation point and vehicle speed. The correlation coefficient was 0. 997,the standard deviation of fixation distance and vehicle speed was 0. 016 and 0. 05 respectively,the covariance was 6328,-1030,the confidence interval was 0. 926,1 and(-1,0. 05).(2)The drivers paid most attention to the front of the car,installation of road traffic facilities has few effects,additional transportation facilities attracted more attention of drivers.(3)The visual search scope of drivers increased after the setting of road traffic facilities,the horizontal range reduced,which was especially noticeable in female drivers.(4)The driver 's scanning amplitude and rate increased when transportation facilities setting up,and the novice and female drivers had a more wider range and wider range of scanning.(5) The driver 's blink duration was mainly distributed in the range of0. 02 ~ 0. 6 s with an average value of 0. 245 s and a duration of 0. 1 ~ 0. 3 s. The frequency of blinking in this area had a significant physiological impact on the d

关 键 词：公路驾驶人 公路交通设施 视觉特性 生理心理 

分 类 号：B844.3[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]