美国国家历史公园建设及对中国的启示  

Research on the National Historical Parks of America and Their Enlightenments to China

作　　者：王京传[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学历史文化学院,曲阜273165 [2]曲阜师范大学文化遗产保护利用研究中心,曲阜273165

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2018年第1期119-128,共10页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(15BKG019)

摘　　要：作为美国文化遗产类国家公园的代表,国家历史公园致力于对文化遗产的整体性保护利用。依托承载美国历史发展中重大事件、关键人物和重要地点之文化遗产,美国自1933年以来已建成50个国家历史公园,并且有4个正在建设之中。国家公园管理局依据文化遗产和国家公园两个领域的法律法规对之进行管理,并通过伙伴关系、特许经营、捐赠、志愿者等途径吸纳社会力量参与管理。经过80余年的实践,美国国家历史公园的保护功能得到巩固,研究、展示、教育、休闲等功能也不断强化,实现了文化遗产保护利用的协同。借鉴美国国家历史公园建设的经验,中国应将国家考古遗址公园纳入到正在创建的国家公园体系,在建设与管理中强化公园立法、完善功能体系、建立公众参与制度、加强网络平台建设。National Historical Parks （ NHPs ） are the representatives of National Parks of culturalheritage in America, whose goals are to preserve and protect cultural heritages and their surroundings for thisand next generations. America has finished the creation of 50 NHPs since 1933 and is creating 4 NHPs now.All of them are created at the base of the cultural heritages that represent the significant events, people andplaces during the history of America. National Park Service is in charge of these NHPs and manages themunder the laws and regulations of cultural heritage management and National Park management. At the sametime, National Park Service makes some ways for public participation, such as partnership, concession andvolunteer in parks. NHPs have improved their functions of protection, exhibition, research, recreation and theothers during the past 83 years. Using the experience of the development of American NHPs for reference, theNational Park System of China should accept the National Archaeological Site Parks （NASPs） and the NASPsof China should make more efforts in strengthening legislation, improving the system of function, building themechanism of public participation and enhancing the construction of park website.

关 键 词：文化遗产 国家历史公园 国家考古遗址公园 国家公园 美国 

分 类 号：G13[文化科学]