基于持水特性应用混料均匀设计优化双孢蘑菇覆土材料  

Optimization of Agaricus bisporus casing materials based on the water holding properties using uniform design

作　　者：王倩[1] 田益华[2] 朱燕华[1] 曹晖[1] 陈明杰[1] 汪虹[1] 张津京[1] 黄建春[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,农业部南方食用菌资源利用重点实验室,国家食用菌工程技术研究中心,国家食用菌加工技术研发分中心,上海市农业遗传育种重点开放实验室,上海201403 [2]上海市农业科学院庄行试验站,上海201415

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2017年第6期11-17,共7页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市现代农业产业技术体系[沪农科产字(2017)第9号];公益性行业(农业)科研专项“作物秸秆基质化利用”(201503137);上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目“双孢蘑菇工厂化生产关键技术研究与示范”(15391900200)

摘　　要：以泥炭土为对照,筛选出椰糠、木屑、珍珠岩3种持水性较好的覆土材料,采用混料均匀设计将这3种覆土材料混合后以40%的比例添加到泥炭土中进行配方优化。以双孢蘑菇产量为响应值,筛选得到3种覆土材料最优配方:X_1(椰糠)=0.283,X_2(木屑)=0.427,X_3(珍珠岩)=0.290。在最优条件下,双孢蘑菇筐栽两潮菇产量预测值为1 519 g/筐,实际产量为1 636 g/筐。在床架栽培中,配方覆土三潮菇总产量36.5 kg/m^2,较对照提高11.6%;同时商品菇质量提高,子实体单重增加18.8%,商品菇率提高11.7%,商品菇产量增加5.6 kg/m^2。该覆土配方可显著提高经济效益,同时覆土成本降低7%。对优化后覆土的持水特性变化规律分析表明:该配方覆土在覆土后到双孢蘑菇采收期间,饱和含水量和毛管持水量均高于对照覆土3%-5%,这可能促进了双孢蘑菇产量的提高以及品质的改善,并导致子实体含水量增加0.75%。With peat soil as the control,3 kinds of casing materials with better water holding capacity were screened out of coconut fiber,sawdust, perlite. The formula was optimized by adding the 3 kinds of materials to peat soil with a proportion of 40% using uniform design. Taking the yield of Agaricus bisporus as the response value,the best formulation of the 3 kinds of materials was obtained:X_1( coconut fiber) =0. 283,X_2( sawdust)=0.427,X_3(perlite) =0.290. Under the optimal condition, the predicted yield(two flushes) of A. bisporus was1 519 g/tray,and the actual yield was 1 636 g/tray. In the bed type cultivation,the total yield(three flushes)with the formula was 36. 5 kg/m^2,which was 11.6% higher than that of the control. At the same time,the quality of the mushroom improved, the single weight of the fruiting body increased by 18. 8%, the rate of commodity mushroom increased by 11.7%, and the yield of mushroom increased by 5. 6 kg/m^2. The casing soil formula could increase the economic benefit significantly, while the cost of casing soil reduced by 7%. The analysis of the change law of the water holding properties of the optimized casing soil showed that the saturated water content and capillary water holding capacity of the formula were 3%—5% higher than that of the control soil from casing to the harvest of A. bisporus. This might be that the formula promoted the improvement of the production and quality of A. bisporus, and led to an increase of 0. 75% of the water content in the fruiting body.

关 键 词：双孢蘑菇 覆土配方 持水特性 均匀设计 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]