基于地面磁信标的水平定向钻进实时定位方法  

Real-Time Positioning Method for Horizontal Directional Drilling Based on Ground Magnetic Beacon

作　　者：邓国庆[1] 姚爱国[1] 龚正 邱敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地球科学》2017年第12期2336-2344,共9页Earth Science

基　　金：国土资源部公益行业基金项目(No.201011002-09)

摘　　要：为提高非开挖水平定向钻进定位的精度和适用范围,提出一种基于地面永磁体信标的定位导向方法,在地面布置Φ50mm×300mm永磁体信标,永磁体轴线与水平面平行,利用钻具上安装的由5个三轴磁强计、1个三轴加速度计和1个三轴陀螺仪构成的传感器阵列测量磁信标在钻头附近的磁梯度张量解算钻头的位置.对该定位模型进行仿真实验表明该定位方法在深度和水平方向的定位精度均较高,理论上通过调整磁信标位置、永磁体数量、磁强计精度和基线长度在足够大的钻进深度和距离内保持定位误差小于1%,同时证明在有限钻具空间内基线相对越长,定位精度越高.实测实验表明环境干扰磁场对该方法的影响非常小,具有良好的实际效果.该定位方法满足非开挖水平定向钻进施工时的实时定位导向要求,操作简单,对场地条件要求低,大大提高了水平定向钻进定位的效率和适用范围.Determining the dynamic position of the drill bit is the key to the successful implementation of horizontal directional drilling（HDD）.To improve the accuracy and the scope of application of HDD positioning technology,a new method is proposed to detect the position of the drill bit.A cylindrical permanent magnet with 50 mm in diameter and 300 mm height is placed on the ground as a magnetic beacon and the magnet axis is parallel to the horizontal plane.A sensors array which consists of five tri-axial magnetometers,a triaxial accelerometer and a tri-axial gyroscope is attached to the bottom hole assembly and measures the magnetic gradient tensor of the magnetic beacon.Then,the position of the drill bit can be solved by the localization algorithm based on magnetic gradient tensor.The simulation analysis shows that.The simulation analysis shows that this method has high positioning accuracy in vertical direction and horizontal direction,and the position errors can be controlled within 1%through adjusting the beacon position,the number of the permanent magnets,the sensitive of magnetometers and the baseline distance.Besides,in the limited space of drilling tools,the longer the baseline is,the higher the position accuracy is.The outdoor experiment demonstrate that this method totally avoids the impact of the environmental magnetic field and has good practical effect.Conclusion can be made that this new method can be applied in trenchless HDD positioning with better effect and wider application range than other methods.

关 键 词：水平定向钻 实时定位 永磁体信标 磁梯度张量 三轴磁强计 基线长度 钻探 工程地质 

分 类 号：P634[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]