论我国法官认知风格的实证测验及其理性反思  

The Empirical Measurement and Rational Reflection of the Cognitive Style in Judicial Decision

作　　者：韩振文[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310008 [2]山东理工大学法学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《河北法学》2018年第1期101-109,共9页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题项目<论认知风格对法官决策差异形成的影响>(17NDJC195YB);中国博士后科学基金第61批面上资助项目(2017M611967)

摘　　要：认知风格在司法决策活动中的作用机制是一个尚待澄清的核心问题。当前学术界关于认知风格与司法行为的潜在相关性更多侧重理论性的描述、解释,而相对忽视了借助实验测量工具来实证测验认知风格如何会对法官决策差异产生的影响。目前基于司法决策选取样本数量的有限性,对实验测量被试的结论进行整体性地理性反思,只是在某种程度上反映出场独立、整体型风格与场依存、分析型风格存在着并非稳健的个别差异,呈现出阶梯性的动态变化,并且确实存在着混合的"刺猬狐狸式"或"狐狸刺猬式"的法官;司法决策是以实践理性为基础的复杂思维认知过程,法官的目光要不断往返穿梭于事实与规范之间,并且事实认定对裁判思维起到前提性、关键性作用;法官内心蕴含着追求人权、自由、尊严的信念目标,推动着他们作出正当裁判;策略模型并非法官决策的最优行为模式,它主要在倾向于场依存、分析型风格的法官身上体现;倾向于场独立、整体型风格的法官对公众意见反应比较强烈,主要持排斥抵触的态度,而在暂时难以分辨何种认知风格的法官中,则对公众意见的反应不明显,并未对各个条目的评分作出较大调整。The cognitive style＇s mechanism of action in the judicial decision is a core issue which needs to be clarjfied,The eurrent academic, circles about the cognitive style and judicial practices of potential relevance focused more on theoretical description and explanation, but reativety neglected the empirical test with the aid of experimental measurement tools to how cognitive style will affect the differences of judges decision. Now based on the limited sample size of judicial decision, the holistic reflection of conclusion on the experiment measuring the participants, only reflects Field independence, W.holist style and Field dependence, Analytic style to some extent no steady differences, which presenting a ladder-like dynamically change, and there is a real mix of ＂hedgehog fox type＂ or ＂fox hedgehog type＂ of the judges;The judicial decision is a complex cognitive process of thinking based on the practical reason. The judge~ eye shall shuttle back and forth between facts and norms, and the facts finding has the premised and key function to the judgment thinking; judges＂ hearts contain the belief of human rights, freedom and dignity, pushing them to make legitimate judgments; Strategy Model is not the optimal behavior patterns for the judges＂ decision, it is mainly in tend to reflect of Field dependence, Analytic style of the judges; the judges tending to be Field independence, Wholist style responds to public opinion strongly, who mainly hold the rejection attitude, while in temporarily difficult to distinguish what cognitive style of the judges, the response to public opinion is not obvious, and who dont make major adjustments of the score of each item .

关 键 词：认知风格 司法决策 实验测量 规范与事实 信念与策略 

分 类 号：DF817[政治法律—法学]