卢卡奇历史主客体概念的衍变及其当代意义  

Evolution of Lukács' Concept of Historical Subject-Object and Its Modern Significance

作　　者：魏小萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第6期69-74,81,共7页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：历史主客体概念及其理论是卢卡奇哲学思想的核心内容。然而人们很少注意到,由于20世纪初的历史变迁以及卢卡奇自身经历的变化,他的历史主客体概念也发生了相应的变化。在其早期,他从无产阶级历史地位的变化中来理解历史主客体概念,认为无产阶级只有具备了阶级意识,才能使自身从历史客体上升为历史主体,从而实现历史主客体的统一。这样的认识体现了马克思主义在资本主义世界的基本立场。在后期,他从更加广泛的意义上理解历史主客体概念,从人与自然及社会对象性关系中的主体性作用来理解历史主客体概念,把劳动目的纳入社会存在范畴。这与他到达前苏联之后,历史语境发生的变化有关。社会主义公有制条件下的生产动力机制问题,或许是促使卢卡奇产生这一理论视野转变的主要原因。The concept and the theory of historical subject and object is the main concern of Lukács＇ philosophic thinking,but fewnoticed that along with the historical transformation at the early stage of 20 thcentury,together with the change of Lukács＇own experience,his concept of historical subject and object changed correspondently.In his early time,he understands the concept of historical subject and object from the historical position of the proletariat,only when the proletariat should possess the class awareness then could become historical subject,thus unifying the historical subject and object,which represents the basic position of Marxism in the capitalist world.In his later time,he understands the concept and the theory of historical subject and object from a wider point of view,taking historical subjectivity from the objectified relationship of nature and society and regarding the purposiveness of labor as social existence.The change of Lukács＇theory can be contributed to the fact as follows：after he came to the former Soviet Union,the different historical context made him realize that people＇s continuing labor activity under the public system became a problem.Later on the historical transformation of Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,and also the economic reform of China,to some extent,have verified the importance of this problem.

关 键 词：卢卡奇 阶级意识 历史主体 历史客体 

分 类 号：B17[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]