长期施肥对稻田土壤微生物量、群落结构和活性的影响  

Effects of Long-term Fertilization Regimes on Microbial Biomass,Community Structure and Activity in a Paddy Soil

作　　者：王伟华 刘毅[2] 唐海明[3] 孙志龙 李宝珍[2] 葛体达[2] 吴金水[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125 [3]湖南省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [4]宁乡县回龙铺镇农业服务中心,长沙410606

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第1期430-437,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501321);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0101100);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2016JJ3132)

摘　　要：以湖南省宁乡县长期定位施肥试验为平台,选取不施肥(CK)、全量化肥(NPK)、秸秆还田+化肥(ST)和有机肥+化肥(OM)这4种处理,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)技术和MicroRespTM方法,研究了长期施肥对水稻土微生物量、群落结构及活性的影响.结果表明,细菌、真菌、革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌PLFA含量均表现为OM>ST>NPK>CK;PLFA主成分分析表明,相比CK处理,NPK、ST和OM处理中微生物的群落结构均发生了改变,特别是ST和OM处理变化更为显著.MicroRespTM结果表明,相比CK处理(1.28μg·h^(-1)),OM处理的土壤微生物对碳源平均利用率最高(1.81μg·h^(-1)),ST处理(1.19μg·h^(-1))次之,NPK处理(0.95μg·h^(-1))最低.不同施肥处理土壤微生物对不同碳源利用的偏好情况存在明显差异.当碳源底物为酮戊二酸、半乳糖和赖氨酸时,不同施肥处理土壤微生物对不同碳源利用差异十分明显.因此,长期化肥配合秸秆还田或配施有机肥显著改善土壤养分含量和土壤微生物量、微生物群落结构和活性,对于培肥地力和优化土壤微生物群落极为重要.Four paddy soils were collected in Ningxiang County,Hunan province.These used with different long-term fertilization regimes,including a control without fertilizer（CK）,chemical fertilization with nitrogen,phosphate,and kalium（NPK）,straw fertilization combined with NPK（ST）,and manure fertilization combinedwith NPK（OM）.Phospholipid fatty acid（PLFA） technology and MicrorespTMmethod were used to study the effect of long-term fertilization on soil microorganism abundance,community structure,and activity.Results showed that the abundance of bacteria,fungi,gram-negative（G-） bacteria,and gram-positive（G＋） bacteria in the soil from the OM treatment was generally higher than for the other treatments;these levels were lower in the ST and NPK treatments and lowest in the CK treatment.The principal components analysis（PCA） of PLFA showed that the community structure of microorganisms in NPK,ST,and OM treatments was altered in comparison with that in CK,especially in the case of the ST and OM treatments.MicroRespTMresults revealed that compared to the CK treatment（1.28 μg·h^-1）,soil microorganisms in the OM treatment had the highest average utilization rate of multiple carbon sources（1.81 μg·h^-1）,followed by ST（1.19 μg·h^-1）,CK（1.28μg·h^-1）,and NPK（0.95 μg·h^-1）.Furthermore,different long-term fertilization regimes resulted in distinct carbon source preferences for the soil microorganisms and revealed a significant alteration in the microbial community.Conclusively,long-term fertilizer with straw or manure changes the microbial community and is a benefit for improving the biomass and activity of microorganism in rice paddy soils.

关 键 词：水稻土 长期施肥 土壤微生物 磷脂脂肪酸 MicroRespTM 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]