气候变暖背景下广东冬种生产季气候资源和气象灾害的时空变化  

Temporal and spatial change of climate resources and meteorological disasters under climate change during winter crop growing season in Guangdong Province,China

作　　者：王华[1] 陈慧华[1] 唐力生[1] 王娟怀[1] 汤海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省气候中心,广州510080

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2018年第1期93-102,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：广东省低碳发展专项(201615)资助~~

摘　　要：运用趋势分析法研究了气候变暖前(1961—1996年)后(1997—2015年)广东冬种生产季气候资源和气象灾害的一般变化特征;引入百分位法确定了冬种主产区发生极端寒害和干旱的阈值,重点分析了气候变暖以来的极端灾害特征.结果表明:与1961—1996年相比,1997—2015年区域内冬种生产季热量显著增加,冬种主产区湛江、茂名、惠州、韶关、梅州和广州等处在平均气温≥15℃、积温≥2200℃·d的高值区;降水略增加,湛江、茂名、惠州、广州和梅州大部地区处在降水量250~350 mm的区域.区域内冬种生产季寒害呈减轻趋势,湛江、茂名、广州和惠州大部均处于积寒<2℃·d的区域,韶关和梅州大部处在积寒8~16℃·d的区域;干旱日数呈减少趋势,湛江、茂名、惠州、广州和梅州大部处在干旱日数≥50 d的区域,韶关处在干旱日数<50 d的区域.从灾害典型个例分析可知,冬种主产区极端寒害和干旱的风险不容忽视,湛江、茂名、惠州和梅州发生极端寒害的风险较高,韶关和广州次之;湛江、茂名发生极端干旱的风险较高,惠州和广州次之,韶关和梅州较小.1997—2015年间,冬种生产季热量显著增加,寒害、干旱呈减轻趋势,但冬种主产区极端灾害频发、风险较高,建议在实际生产中紧密结合冬种生产季气候资源和气象灾害的发生规律发展冬种.Trend analysis method was applied to analyze the general variation characteristics of the climate resources and meteorological disasters of growing season of the winter planting in Guangdong before （1961-1996） and after climate warming （1997-2015）. Percentile method was employed to determine thresholds for extreme cold and drought in major planting regions, and the characteristics of extreme disasters since climate warming were analyzed. The results showed that, by comparing 1997-2015 with 1961-1996, the heat value in winter growing season increased significantly. The belt with a higher heat value, where the average temperature was ≥15 ℃ and accumulated temperature was ≥2200 ℃·d, covered the main winter production regions as Shaoguan, Zhanjiang, Maoming, Huizhou, Meizhou and Guangzhou. Meanwhile, the precipitation witnessed a slight increase. The regions with precipitations of 250-350 mm included Zhanjiang, Maoming, Huizhou, Guangzhou and Meizhou. Chilling injury in the winter planting season in the regions decreased, the belt with an accumulated chilling of 〈2 ℃·d covered the major geographic parts of the involved regions as Zhanjiang, Maoming, Guangzhou and Huizhou; and the belt with an accumulated chilling of 8-16 ℃·d covered the major geographic parts of Shaoguan and Meizhou. Meanwhile, the drought days decreased, the belt with drought days ≥50 included the major geographic parts of Zhanjiang, Maoming, Huizhou, Guangzhou and the belt with drought days 〈50 included the major geographic parts of Shaoguan. The typical case of the extreme disasters showed that the extreme chilling injury and drought in the main producing regions should not be overlooked. Maoming, Huizhou and Meizhou were at higher risk of extreme chilling injury, followed by Shaoguan and Guangzhou. Zhanjiang and Maoming faced the highest risk of extreme drought, Huizhou and Guangzhou took the second place, Shaoguan and Meizhou went last. During 1997-2015, the heat of winter season increased significantly, the trend of

关 键 词：气候变化 冬种作物 气候资源 气象灾害 时空变化 极端灾害 

分 类 号：S162.3[农业科学—农业气象学] S42[农业科学—农业基础科学]