生物炭施用3年后对稻麦轮作系统CH4和N2O综合温室效应的影响  

Effects of biochar application three-years ago on global warming potentials of CH_4 and N_2O in a rice-wheat rotation system

作　　者：吴震 董玉兵 熊正琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏省低碳农业和温室气体减排重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2018年第1期141-148,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

摘　　要：本试验对比观测研究了在稻田土壤中经3年陈化后的生物炭(B_3)和新施入生物炭(B_0)对稻麦轮作系统CH_4和N_2O综合温室效应和温室气体强度的影响,旨在明确生物炭对土壤温室气体排放的长期效应.田间试验设置4个处理,分别为对照(CK)、施用氮肥不施用生物炭(N)、施用氮肥和新生物炭(NB_0)以及施用氮肥和陈化生物炭(NB_3)处理.结果表明:NB_0和NB_3处理均显著提高了稻田土壤pH值、有机碳和全氮含量,并且显著影响与温室气体排放相关的微生物潜在活性.与N处理相比,NB_3处理显著增加了作物产量,增幅14.1%,并且显著降低了CH_4和N_2O排放,降幅分别为9.0%和34.0%;而NB_0处理显著增加作物产量,增幅9.3%,显著降低N_2O排放,降幅38.6%,但增加了CH_4排放,增幅4.7%;同时NB_0和NB_3处理均能降低稻麦轮作系统的综合温室效应和温室气体强度,且NB_3处理能更有效地减少温室气体的排放并提高作物产量.在土壤中经3年陈化后的生物炭仍然具有固碳减排能力,因此,施用生物炭对稻麦轮作系统固碳减排和改善作物生产具有长期效应.To evaluate the long-term effects of biochar amendment on greenhouse gas emissions （GHGs）, a field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of 3-year field-aged biochar （B3） and fresh biochar （B0） on global warming potential （GWP） and greenhouse gas intensity （GHGI） of methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （N2O） in a typical rice-wheat rotation system. Four treatments were established as control without nitrogen fertilizer （CK）, urea without biochar （N）, urea with fresh biochar amended in 2015 （NB0）, and urea with 3-year field-aged biochar amended in 2012 （NB3）. Results showed that both the NB0 and NB3 treatments obviously increased soil pH, soil organic carbon （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN） and influenced the potential activity of functional microorganisms related to GHGs compared to the N treatment. Relative to the N treatment, the NB3 treatment significantly improved crop yield by 14.1% while reduced the CH4 and N2O emissions by 9.0% and 34.0%, respectively. In addition, the NB0 treatment significantly improved crop yield by 9.3%, while reduced the N2O emission by 38.6% though increased the CH4 emissions by 4.7% relative to the N treatment. Moreover, both the NB0 and NB3 treatments could significantly reduce both GWP and GHGI, with NB3 being more effective in simultaneously mitigating the GHGs emissions and enhancing crop yield. Since field-aged biochar showed obvious effects on GHGs mitigation and carbon sequestration after 3 years, biochar incorporations had long-term effect on GHGs mitigation and crop production in the rice-wheat rotation system.

关 键 词：陈化生物炭 稻麦轮作系统 CH4 N2O 综合温室效应 温室气体强度 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]