合同效力规则之完善  

To Improve and Perfect the Contractual Validity Rules

作　　者：崔建远 

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2018年第1期24-36,203,共13页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重点项目(13AZD065);清华大学自主科研计划课题(2015THZWJC01)

摘　　要：民法合同编正面规定合同的有效要件具有积极价值,合同效力方面的法律漏洞的存在不依规定有效要件与否为转移,"法无禁止即自由"并非阻碍正面规定有效要件的障碍。有效要件与生效要件存在细微差别,合同编在法定的特别生效要件方面应继续坚持若干合同以行政主管机关的审批为生效要件的制度,在约定的特别生效要件领域应当设置随意条件、合同条款附条件的规则,为解决实际生活出现的相应案件提供法律依据。合同未生效、合同效力中止作为合同效力的类型,不应被忽视。民法总则对于隐匿行为的效力规则暧昧含混,合同编应予明确。此外应恢复以合法形式掩盖非法目的、增设背离法律制度的根本目的这些无效原因。无权处分应当影响买卖等合同的效力。因欺诈等原因而订立的合同应为可变更、可撤销的合同,民法总则取消变更权罔顾生活真实。It is worthy that the Contract Part of Civil Code provides positively for the requirements of the contractual effectiveness. The gaps in the contract validity rules do not depend on the regulation of contractual effectiveness,and the rule of "liberty but for legal prohibition"should not be an obstacle for the existence of the effectiveness regulation.There are slight differences between the concepts of effectiveness requirements and the coming-into-effect requirements.In the Contract Part of Civil Code the approvals by administrative organs as special coming-into-effect requirements should be reserved in order to accommodate to social life. Meanwhile the clause for potestative condition and the condition attached to a term should also be stipulated. The contract figures of not-yet-coming-into-effect and suspensiveness cannot be neglect. The rule of juristic act in hidden design laid down in the General Provision of Civil Code is obscure and should be rewritten clearly. The grounds for void contract should be intensified by adding the cases such as violation of the fundamental purposes of the legal system etc. The disposal without authority should let it have influence on the validity of sale contract. The alteration right in terms of fraud etc. should be resumed in order to cater for respecting of the civil life.

关 键 词：合同效力中止 有效要件 生效要件 未生效 无效 变更权 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]