高等教育人力资本与城镇化发展  

Study of the Impact of Higher Education Human Capital on Urbanization

作　　者：王珍珍[1] 穆怀中[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学经济学院 [2]辽宁大学人口研究所

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第1期76-85,共10页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：基于内生经济增长理论,结合城镇化与经济增长的内在关联,构建高等教育人力资本、人力资本外部性与城镇化发展的统一框架,分析高等教育人力资本对城镇化发展的直接效应和间接效应。在此基础上,建立计量模型并利用中国30省份2005-2014年的面板数据进行实证检验,结果表明,高等教育人力资本规模扩大和占比增加均显著提升了城镇化水平,说明高等教育人力资本对城镇化影响的直接效应和间接效应均已凸显。最后,考察高等教育人力资本影响城镇化的作用机制,发现高等教育人力资本规模扩大(直接效应)会通过提升现代产业效率和增加低技能劳动力匹配就业来推进地区城镇化水平提升,两种机制对直接效应的贡献达到58.53%;高等教育人力资本占比增加(间接效应)主要通过高技能劳动力间交流产生的人力资本外部性来提升城镇化水平,并且这一影响机制随着城市规模扩大而加强。本文的政策含义是,随着后工业化时代的到来,高等教育人力资本集聚及其外部性对城镇化发展越来越重要,应通过加大高等教育投资、完善公共服务和深化户籍制度改革等增强地区的高人力资本积累。Based on the theory of endogenous economic growth model,combined with the internal connection of the urbanization and economic growth,this paper has built a unified framework including higher education human capital,human capital externality and urbanization,and analyzed the direct effect and indirect effect of human capital on urbanization. On this basis,the econometric model and empirical analyzed the effect using panel data of 30 provinces in mainland of China in 2005-2014 has been established. The results show that the higher education human capital scale and proportion have significantly improved the urbanization level,which means that the direct and indirect effects of higher education human capital on urbanization have been highlighted. Finally,examining the mechanism of the impact of higher education human capital on urbanization,it is found that the higher education human capital scale( direct effect) has promoted the regional urbanization level by improving the efficiency of modern industries and increasing the employment of low-skilled labor. The contribution of two above mechanisms to the direct effect is 58.53%; the proportion of higher education human capital( indirect effect) has enhanced the level of urbanization mainly through the human capital externalities generated from the exchange of highly skilled labor,as the city scale grows,the influence mechanism enhances. The policy implication is that with the coming of post-industrial era,the higher education human capital accumulation and externality is more and more important for urbanization,we should enhance the area's high human capital accumulation by increasing higher education investment,improving the public service and deepening the reform of the household registration system.

关 键 词：高等教育人力资本 人力资本外部性 城镇化 

分 类 号：F299.21[经济管理—国民经济] G649.21[文化科学—高等教育学]